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21.
Yuko Arayama 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2013,11(2):168-173
When we try to estimate future environmental costs resulting from our current economic activities,we usually calculate the present value of the consequences for our future generations by utilizing a discount rate as a standard economic procedure.The popularity of this procedure is solely supported by its simplicity which assumes:(1)a perfect financial market over even 100 years,and(2)existence of a stable time preference between two consecutive periods for an individual consumer.An apparent deficiency of this approach is that the present value of life quality of future generations varies to a large extent along an arbitrarily chosen discount rate.As a matter of fact,the discount rate,which could reflect the time preference as2%or 5%,matters when we predict current strategies of environmental protection for future generations.Simply applying a discount rate to evaluate the quality of our future generation,without clarifying the actual production mechanism behind this,is almost to the same as ignoring the fact that all of the goods are produced through an actual production process and that environmental degradation reduces the efficiency of that process.The greatest concern for our future generations should not be given by an assumed discount rate,since the discount rate itself is determined by financial market conditions at certain points in time. 相似文献
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23.
Takeda Yohei Okuyama Yuko Nakano Hiroto Yaoita Yasunori Machida Koich Ogawa Haruko Imai Kunitoshi 《Food and environmental virology》2020,12(1):9-19
Food and Environmental Virology - Influenza A virus (IAV) infection is perennially one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Effective therapy and vaccination are needed to control viral... 相似文献
24.
Kumar Harendra Kumagai Shogo Kameda Tomohito Saito Yuko Yoshioka Toshiaki 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(2):461-469
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - In this study, we developed a one-pot wet ball-milling method for the recovery of highly pure copper wire, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) coating, and... 相似文献
25.
Six 3D models of the digestive system during ontogeny were reconstructed from histological sections of Atlantic cod larvae.
The 3D models clearly visualize the following features: folding of the gut rotation; subdivision of digestive tract into foregut,
midgut, and hindgut by sphincters; development of stomach and pyloric caeca from 39 dph; location of entrances of bile and
pancreatic ducts in the medial plane of the anterior midgut; ontogeny of pancreas from a compact organ to an elongated and
branched (but not diffuse) organ along the posterior midgut; one dominant islet of Langerhans until 39 dph and several smaller
satellite islets also visible from 53 dph; the relatively large volume of the anterior midgut that probably increases residence
time of ingested food mixing with secretions from pancreas and bile. Calculated volumes of each digestive organ demonstrate
allometric changes during ontogeny. Interactive 3D models are available as QuickTime format downloadable files. 相似文献
26.
Masahiro Tokumura Yuko WadaYuri Usami Takako YamakiAtsushi Mizukoshi Miyuki NoguchiYukio Yanagisawa 《Chemosphere》2012,89(10):1238-1242
The photo-Fenton reaction was applied as a novel method for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the gas phase, and its effectiveness was experimentally examined. In conventional VOCs removal methods using a photocatalyst or ozone, VOCs are oxidized in the gas phase. Therefore, incompletely oxidized intermediates, which may have adverse effects on health, are likely to contaminate the treated air. On the other hand, in the VOCs removal method developed in this study, because the VOCs are oxidized in the liquid phase by the photo-Fenton reaction, any incompletely oxidized intermediates produced are confined to the liquid phase. As a result, the contamination of the treated air by these harmful intermediates can be prevented. Using a semi-batch process, it was found that the removal efficiency for toluene in a one-pass test (residence time of 17 s) was 61%, for an inlet toluene gas concentration of 930 ppbv, an initial iron ion concentration of 20 mg L−1, and an initial hydrogen peroxide concentration of 630 mg L−1. The removal efficiency was almost constant as long as H2O2 was present in the solution. Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the absence of any incompletely oxidized intermediates in the treated air. 相似文献
27.
A fine porcelain open-cell photo-catalytic filter with titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) was evaluated for sterilization and sanitation of bio-polluted industrial water. In simulated seawater industrial effluent samples, the populations of Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus quickly decreased and reached non-detectable level within 10min. In seawater effluents from a seaweed processing plant, the bacterial populations in two samples quickly decreased by more than 10(3). In another two samples the decreases were slow and lowered by less than 10(2). Using fluorescence microscopy, it was indicated that the bacterial cells treated with photo-catalytic TiO(2) were damaged. In addition, the protein concentration in simulated seawater effluent slowly decreased using the photo-catalytic TiO(2) reaction; and reached similar concentrations as seawater near cultured seaweed beds. These results indicate that using a reactor with a TiO(2) photo-catalyst filter was effective for the sanitation of seawater effluents. 相似文献
28.
Fe(3+)-H(2)O(2) mixed reagent, but not Fe(2+)-H(2)O(2), was found to be capable of degrading 2,7-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (DCDD). A reaction mixture of FeCl(3) (8 mM) and H(2)O(2) (1%) caused approximately 50% degradation within 6 h and >90% degradation within 24 h at 27 degrees C. Increasing the temperature remarkably stimulated degradation: at 70 degrees C, approximately 100% degradation was achieved within 15 min. When DCDD-treated model soil (5 micrograms/g) was conducted, approximately 100% of the DCDD was degraded within 30 min at 70 degrees C (both reagents were added every 10 min). These results suggest that Fe(3+)-H(2)O(2) mixed reagent may be a new tool for combating persistent environmental pollutants such as dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls. 相似文献
29.
Hongyu Huang Noriyuki Kobayashi Miwa Sakata Yuko Suzuki Fujio Watanabe Masanobu Hasatani Kiyoshi Matsuyama Shigenori Yoshida Yoshihito Mitsuhara 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2007,9(2):182-187
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) residues from the sodium dispersion (SD) process were employed as the raw materials for the
production of activated carbon using KOH activation. The pore properties, such as the specific surface area and pore size
distribution, were characterized using the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda method and the Horvath–Kawazoe method based on the N2 adsorption isotherm at 77 K. The activated carbon produced showed similar adsorption capacities and specific surface areas
to the commercially available product. The effects of the activation conditions on the porosity of the activated carbon produced
were studied. The most significant factor affecting the specific surface proved to be the activation temperature. The activated
carbon produced from PCB residues from the high-temperature (423–443 K) SD process had a binary pore size distribution well
developed in the 4 nm region and in the micropore region. The pore structure of the carbon produced from PCB residues from
the low-temperature (333–393 K) SD process had a wide range of micropores and mesopores. 相似文献
30.
Most of the oxalotrophic bacteria are facultative methylotrophs and play important ecological roles in soil fertility and
cycling of elements. This study gives a detailed picture of the taxonomy and diversity of these bacteria and provides new
information about the taxonomical variability within the genus Methylobacterium. Twelve mesophilic, pink-pigmented, and facultatively methylotrophic oxalate-oxidizing strains were included in this work
that had been previously isolated from the soil and some plant tissues by the potassium oxalate enrichment method. The isolates
were characterized using biochemical tests, cellular lipid profiles, spectral characteristics of carotenoid pigments, G+C
content of the DNA, and 16S rDNA sequencing. The taxonomic similarities among the strains were analyzed using the simple matching
(S
SM) and Jaccard (S
J) coefficients, and the UPGMA clustering algorithm. The phylogenetic position of the strains was inferred by the neighbor-joining
method on the basis of the 16S rDNA sequences. All isolates were Gram-negative, facultatively methylotrophic, oxidase and
catalase positive, and required no growth factors. Based on the results of numerical taxonomy, the strains formed four closely
related clusters sharing ≥85% similarity. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequences demonstrated that oxalotrophic, pink-pigmented,
and facultatively methylotrophic strains could be identified as members of the genus Methylobacterium. Except for M. variabile and M. aquaticum, all of the Methylobacterium type strains tested had the ability of oxalate utilization. Our results indicate that the capability of oxalate utilization
seems to be an uncommon trait and could be used as a valuable taxonomic criterion for differentiation of Methylobacterium species. 相似文献