液化石油气低温常压储罐火灾爆炸分析

本文重点分析了液化石油气低温常压储罐在使用过程中的危险性,并指出必须采用合理的制冷技术及相应的保温措施,防止由于温度变化导致材料无法承受罐内压力而产生裂缝,从而发生蒸汽爆炸.     

油田清洁生产审核重点的确定

油田开发是一项由地下勘探与钻井、地面油气集输及水处理等多种工艺组成的复杂的系统工程,各工艺过程能源和资源的消耗,对环境的影响因素、范围和程度都不尽相同。文章按照清洁生产审核重点确定应遵循的原则,体现具有针对性、可为审核提供定量准确基础数据的特点,从原料(采出液等)、辅助材料和产品(外输原油等)的数量、主要生产设备运行情况和工艺流程、能源和资源消耗量、各类污染物的排放量等方面,探讨了油田在清洁生产审核过程中确定审核重点的方法。     

Strong links between metal contamination, habitat modification and estuarine larval fish distributions

Changes to larval fish assemblages may have far reaching ecological impacts. Correlations between habitat modification, contamination and marine larval fish communities have rarely been assessed in situ. We investigated links between the large-scale distribution of stressors and larval fish assemblages in estuarine environments. Larval fish communities were sampled using a benthic sled within the inner and outer zones of three heavily modified and three relatively unmodified estuaries. Larval abundances were significantly greater in modified estuaries, and there were trends towards greater diversity in these systems. Differences in larval community composition were strongly related to sediment metal levels and reduced seagrass cover. The differences observed were driven by two abundant species, Paedogobius kimurai and Ambassis jacksoniensis, which occurred in large numbers almost exclusively in highly contaminated and pristine locations respectively. These findings suggest that contamination and habitat alteration manifest in substantial differences in the composition of estuarine larval fish assemblages.     

BAF曝气管道布置方式的数值模拟

针对曝气生物滤池(BAF)曝气不均导致的处理效率低下的问题,基于Fluent软件,采用标准k-ε模型对BAF多种曝气管道的布置方式进行了不同维度的数值模拟研究。利用二维数值模拟,通过对单边枝状、中心枝状和环状3种曝气方式的流场分析,结果表明,单边枝状和中心枝状对应的曝气孔气量分布较均匀,而环状的4个弯角处由于相对低压造成曝气量少或无曝气;进一步就原型双边枝状曝气的三维数值模拟表明,各曝气口的曝气量都接近理论均值,标准偏差为7.67×10~(-5) m~3·s~(-1),可以取得较好的均匀曝气效果。本研究可以有效地助力曝气生物滤池的选型设计,以较低的成本实现高效节能的目标。     

整治老年代步车 考验管理者智慧

<正>老年代步车质量参差不齐,的确为交通出行埋下隐患,但老年代步车的广泛流行也说明一个问题,这种车辆有着广阔的市场。老年代步车本身就存在安全缺陷,加之老年人身体各种功能逐渐衰退、遇见紧急情况反应较慢,驾驶员法制意识淡薄、不懂交通规则等,行驶中发生交通事故的可能性很大。为此,规范老年代步车势在必行。如何规范则是一个需要认真探讨的问题。实践证明,严格的监管固然可以禁止老年代步车在城区道路行驶,但如果后续服务跟不上、出行条件不改善,不但难以真正管到位,反而还会引发社会矛     

1470～1949年贵州地区干湿序列的重建及其影响分析

贵州地区在小冰期的气候环境状况及其对人类活动的影响研究缺乏，综合历史文献资料分析与地质记录的研究仍有待加强。基于1470~1949年贵州地区旱涝历史文献资料重建该区干湿变化序列，然后运用互信息的相关分析方法对此序列进行检验，再通过小波分析探究其干湿变化过程与周期。同时，结合高分辨率石笋δ18O序列、海洋热状况和国家与地方政权的动荡情况，讨论其控制因子及其对人类活动的影响。研究表明：（1）贵州地区15世纪末期气候偏干，16世纪整体较湿润，在经历了17世纪前期的干旱期后，从17世纪中期至20世纪前期为一个长期较稳定的湿润期，与众多古环境研究记录较为吻合；（2）小波分析表明干湿变化具有128~155年、32~55年、11~20年的周期，反映其干湿变化主要受太阳活动控制；（3）贵州地区湿润程度受南亚夏季风强度、ENSO、AMO等因素影响，且对当地政治活动和地表生态环境产生了重要影响。     

地铁盾构渣土资源化碳排放强度与减碳潜力研究

盾构渣土资源化利用是地铁建设领域响应国家“双碳”战略的重要举措。为科学量化地铁盾构渣土利用与处置的碳排放强度及减碳潜力，基于LCA方法构建了地铁盾构渣土利用与处置碳排放评价方法，以深圳地铁13号线某隧道区间为例，梳理了盾构渣土资源化利用工艺和系统，厘清了渣土现场资源化利用的管理路径，量化了渣土利用与处置的碳排放强度及减碳潜力。结果表明：案例中渣土资源化利用减碳总量约为4243.13 t CO₂e;制备1 m³再生免烧砖可带来239.26 kg CO₂e减碳效益，填埋1 m³渣土约产生89.42 kg CO₂e。未来深圳地铁建设若均采用案例提供的盾构渣土高效资源化利用方式，预计到2035年可累计实现约77万t CO₂e的减排效益。该研究结果可为政府部门科学制定地铁盾构渣土管理政策，推广地铁盾构渣土资源化利用提供理论方法及参考数据。     

The Adaptation for Conservation Targets (ACT) Framework: A Tool for Incorporating Climate Change into Natural Resource Management

As natural resource management agencies and conservation organizations seek guidance on responding to climate change, myriad potential actions and strategies have been proposed for increasing the long-term viability of some attributes of natural systems. Managers need practical tools for selecting among these actions and strategies to develop a tailored management approach for specific targets at a given location. We developed and present one such tool, the participatory Adaptation for Conservation Targets (ACT) framework, which considers the effects of climate change in the development of management actions for particular species, ecosystems and ecological functions. Our framework is based on the premise that effective adaptation of management to climate change can rely on local knowledge of an ecosystem and does not necessarily require detailed projections of climate change or its effects. We illustrate the ACT framework by applying it to an ecological function in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho, USA)-water flows in the upper Yellowstone River. We suggest that the ACT framework is a practical tool for initiating adaptation planning, and for generating and communicating specific management interventions given an increasingly altered, yet uncertain, climate.     

Strategic environmental assessment of mining activities: A methodology for quantification of cumulative impacts on the air quality

Environmental impact assessments in Brazil have usually focused solely on project-related issues without considering the regional context. Although required by current environmental legislation, cumulative impact assessments have not been included in the overall environmental assessment of projects. However, in recent Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) studies of policies, plans, and programs undertaken on a voluntary basis in support of the decision-making process, this kind of assessment has been performed especially with respect to air quality. This paper presents the application of a methodology for the quantification of cumulative impacts on air quality under high uncertainty caused by various mining activities in a single region that is recommended for SEA studies. In this way, the methodology presented here is suitable for areas lacking detailed modeling information. The developed approach uses a relatively simplified mathematical model, lowering information gathering costs and requiring little processing time. The application of the methodology is illustrated in the case of a SEA of the Corumbá Mining and Industrial Complex Development Program. Despite the lack of data needed for a minimum characterization of conditions of the area surrounding the region modeled, the quantification of impact cumulativeness on air quality has played an important role in the context of the SEA.     

云南干旱原因分析及生态环境保护对策

众所周知，2009年9月-2010年5月，云南遭遇了百年不遇的特大干旱，90％以上的农作物绝收，森林火灾频发，给国民经济和农业造成了巨大的损失，人民生活带来了极大困难。本文对干旱的原因、生态环境日益恶化造成的危害及其后果进行分析，提出相应对策，为促进云南生态环境向良性循环发展，社会经济的可持续发展提供思路。