Pd-MnO2 nanoparticles/TiO2 nanotube arrays (NTAs) photo-electrodes photo-catalytic properties and their ability of degrading Rhodamine B under visible light

Pd-MnO_2/TiO_2 nanotube arrays(NTAs) photo-electrodes were successfully fabricated via anodization and electro deposition subsequently; the obtained Pd-MnO_2/TiO_2 NTAs photo electrodes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and characterized accordingly. Moreover, the light harvesting and absorption properties were investigated via ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectrum(DRS); photo degradation efficiency was investigated via analyzing the photo catalytic degradation of Rhodamine B under visible illumination(xenon light). The performed analyses illustrated that Pd-MnO_2 codoped particles were successfully deposited onto the surface of the TiO_2 nanotube arrays;DRS results showed significant improvement in visible light absorption which was between400 and 700 nm. Finally, the photo catalytic degradation efficiency results of the designated organic pollutant(Rhodamine B) illustrated a superior photocatalytic(PC) efficiency of approximately 95% compared to the bare TiO_2 NTAs, which only exhibited a photo catalytic degradation efficiency of approximately 61%, thus it indicated the significant enhancement of the light absorption properties of fabricated photo electrodes and their yield of UOH radicals.     

Soil atmosphere concentration profiles and methane emission rates in the restoration covers above landfill sites: Equipment and preliminary results

In an investigation into the microbial oxidation of methane in soils, a simple and robust sampling device for the collection of small samples of soil atmosphere was used. The method has the potential for determining small-scale variations in depth profiles of gases, without the potential problems of sample migration during collection. Measurements of methane concentration profiles at a number of points along a transect in a restored landfill site in Essex correlated well with the measured emission of landfill gas from the surface of the soil. Emissions were only detected where methane concentrations reached the soil surface.     

静电布袋复合式除尘器及其应用

介绍了静电布袋复合式除尘器的结构、材料及除尘原理;布袋除尘器在不同工况下的除尘效率、附加脱硫率、阻力和排放浓度等参数的测试结果;利用布袋除尘器改造静电除尘器时的改造方案、运行中应注意的问题.     

微电网中光伏电池的动态因素影响分析

针对含有光伏发电系统的微电网运行效率不高的问题,基于光伏电池输出具有高度非线性的特征和光伏电池的基本数学方程,提出了一个通用的光伏电池模型,根据该模型可以为微电网中光伏发电系统的电池模块选择最佳光强和温度,进而提高光伏系统的发电效率。仿真结果表明:该模型简单实用,能够很好地反映光伏电池实际特性,可为含有光伏发电的微电网控制策略的选择提供参考。     

纳滤膜浓缩液淋滤焚烧飞灰过程中氯盐溶出及重金属的迁移特性

为解决生活垃圾填埋场的纳滤膜浓缩液和生活垃圾焚烧飞灰协同处置中淋滤条件对氯盐和重金属溶出效果的问题,采用北京市某生活垃圾填埋场的纳滤膜浓缩液在不同液固比和酸碱条件下淋滤北京市某生活垃圾焚烧厂的焚烧飞灰,探讨氯离子溶出及重金属的迁移特性. 结果表明:在液固比为12∶1、8∶1和4∶1条件下,焚烧飞灰中氯离子的总溶出率分别为81%、76%和61%,液固比越大,导致填料高度越低,氯离子溶出越充分;在液固比为4∶1条件下,纳滤膜浓缩液pH分别为3.20和10.70时,氯离子可与含氧阴离子竞争吸附位置,导致氯离子的总溶出率较未调节pH时大幅提升,增幅分别为81%和83%;不同液固比和酸碱条件下,采用XRD对淋滤灰渣分析发现,淋滤灰渣中均未检测到NaCl和KCl的矿物相. 改变纳滤膜浓缩液的pH为3.20和10.70后,淋滤灰渣中重金属Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr、Cd和Hg的浸出浓度均满足《危险废物鉴别标准 浸出毒性鉴别》(GB 5085.3—2007)和《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889—2008)标准限值要求. 研究显示,纳滤膜浓缩液淋滤飞灰可脱除焚烧飞灰中的氯盐及部分重金属,淋滤灰渣经热处理后可焚毁截留纳滤膜浓缩液的有机物,热处理后灰渣有望实现安全资源利用.      

Sulfate-enhanced degradation of Rhodamine B in the hydrogen peroxide/hydroxylamine system

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Hydroxyl radicals are commonly produced either by metal activation or by using external energy. However, the application of these methods is limited by low working...     

高效除磷渗滤床填料筛选及连续流动态运行特性

磷是造成水体富营养化的重要因素之一,深度去除污染水体中的磷,具有重要的环保意义.为此,本研究比较了多种填料包括海绵铁及其改性填料、钢渣、活性氧化铝、活性炭的吸附除磷特性及动力学,探究了除磷机理,构建了高效除磷渗滤床,考察了动态连续流运行条件下的除磷特性.结果表明酸改性海绵铁具有最高的饱和磷吸附容量,为19.45 mg·g^-1,碱改性海绵铁、活性氧化铝、钢渣、未改性海绵铁及活性炭的饱和磷吸附容量分别为10.91、8.70、7.73、3.39和1.34 mg·g^-1.在此基础上,利用高效除磷填料酸改性海绵铁和钢渣构建了除磷渗滤床,开展了连续240 d的连续流实验,在磷容积负荷为6 g·d^-1·m^-3条件下,渗滤床累积磷吸附量达到10215 mg,单位容积吸附量达到1.62 kg·m^-3.总之,利用酸改性海绵铁和钢渣构建的除磷渗滤床具有较高的除磷效率和性能,可以作为除磷单元与现有的水污染治理及净化工艺耦合,提高或拓展系统除磷功能.     

改性TiO2的制备、表征及光解水制氢性能研究

以陶粒为载体,采用改进的溶胶-凝胶法制备B、Ni共掺杂陶粒负载纳米TiO2光催化剂。利用XRD,TG-DTA,FT-IR等手段对其组成、结构等进行分析和表征。以250 W紫外灯为光源,三乙胺为目标污染物和电子给体,考察了B-Ni2O3-TiO2/陶粒合成体降解污染物耦合光解水制氢的光催化性能;结果表明：所制得的B-Ni2O3-TiO2/陶粒催化剂具有较高的产氢效率,并探讨了焙烧温度、三乙胺溶液初始浓度等对催化剂光催化活性的影响。     

广州市交通干线附近细颗粒污染特征

利用中山大学大气环境监测平台数据,对广州市交通干线附近的ρ(PM_2.5)和ρ(PM₁)进行了统计学分析,以研究交通干线附近细颗粒污染特征及变化规律. 结果表明:2008—2012年广州市PM_2.5超标严重,但ρ(PM_2.5)有所下降. 受季节性污染源及气象因素影响,广州市夏季ρ(PM_2.5)平均值为42μg/m3,明显低于春、秋、冬三季. ρ(PM_2.5)在工作日与周末差异明显,周末明显高于工作日,而ρ(PM₁)在工作日与周末差异不明显. ρ(PM_2.5)与ρ(PM₁)日变化趋势基本一致,整体上呈白天低、夜晚高,上午低、下午高的特征. ρ(PM_2.5)日变化呈单峰,19:00左右达到最大值(53μg/m3);而ρ(PM₁)呈双峰变化,在20:00左右达到高峰值(43μg/m3),上午09:00左右也有一小峰值(37μg/m3). ρ(PM_2.5)和ρ(PM₁)的相关性较好,R(相关系数)为0.94,PM₁是PM_2.5的主要构成颗粒,所占比重平均值为0.65. ρ(PM_2.5)和ρ(PM₁)均与交通流量存在相关性,在白天和夜晚变化趋势相一致,但交通流量白天与ρ(PM_2.5)更为密切,夜晚则与ρ(PM₁)更为密切.      

Systematical strategies for wastewater treatment and the generated wastes and greenhouse gases in China

China now faces double challenges of water resources shortage and severe water pollution. To resolve Chinese water pollution problems and reduce its impacts on human health, economic growth and social development, the situation of wastewater treatment was investigated. Excess sludge and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted during wastewater treatment were also surveyed. It is concluded that Chinese water pollution problems should be systematically resolved with inclusion of wastewater and the solid waste and GHGs generated during wastewater treatment. Strategies proposed for the wastewater treatment in China herein were also adequate for other countries, especially for the developing countries with similar economic conditions to China.