关于抑尘剂开发及其存在主要问题的探讨

基于化学抑尘剂与粉尘之间的润湿、粘结、凝聚作用机制,综述了近年来各类化学抑尘剂的合成技术及原理,概述了化学抑尘剂在矿山粉尘抑制中的应用现状,并对化学抑尘剂研究方向的主要问题和应用前景进行了探讨。     

3种杀真菌剂对 AM真菌侵染和黄芩生长的影响

为了合理施用杀真菌剂,充分利用AM(arbuscular mycorrhiza)真菌资源提高中药材产量和品质,减少农药投入和环境污染.本试验在土培条件下,以非灭菌土为生长基质,研究了喷施苯菌灵、苯醚甲环唑和氟硅唑对AM真菌(摩西球囊霉Glomusmossea)侵染和黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis)生长的影响.结果表明,同一施药条件下,接种摩西球囊霉总体上表现出促进黄芩生长的趋势,但菌根效应因杀真菌剂不同而有差异.不同施药条件下,未接种黄芩生长受到抑制,接种株中,喷施苯菌灵,植株地上部K和地下部Fe含量显著降低;喷施苯醚甲环唑,植株全N、地上部K、地下部黄芩苷和Ca含量显著降低;喷施氟硅唑,菌根侵染率、植株全P、黄芩苷、K、地上部Cu、地下部全N、Ca、Zn和Fe含量显著降低.氟硅唑对摩西球囊霉和黄芩生长抑制效果大于苯醚甲环唑和苯菌灵.说明氟硅唑对摩西球囊霉毒性大.因此,为了减轻杀真菌剂对AM真菌的危害,发挥菌根效应,在达到防治病害的基础上应选用对AM真菌毒性小的杀真菌剂.     

动态膜-生物反应器中新型预涂剂的抗污染特性研究

对动态膜技术中的预涂剂进行了拓展研究,通过聚乙烯醇(PVA)与戊二醛(GA)的乳化交联制备新型预涂剂——PVA微球,分析交联反应机理,并通过PVA微球对产生膜污染主要物质EPS的吸附实验分析其抗污染特性.结果表明,乳化交联过程中主要发生的是半缩醛反应,PVA胶团的羟基数量实质上没有大量减少,PVA微球仍然保持良好的亲水性能,而且其表面呈现的电负性能够对活性污泥絮体产生静电排斥作用, PVA微球对活性污泥中蛋白质和多糖的吸附率稳定且较低,分别为0 .543 mg·g^-1和0 .694 mg·g^-1,从微观上延缓了膜污染.预涂液中微球的粒径在1 .14 μm左右,其不同浓度的Zeta电位都小于-39 mV,具有良好的稳定性,能够快速稳定地沉积在多孔底膜的表面和孔道内壁上,试验中采用SEM分析了PVA微球及其在工业滤布内部纤维丝上形成动态膜的表观形貌.     

石化污水处理场浮选剂的优化

对几种浮选剂在荆门石化污水处理场的处理效果进行了对比,结果表明岳阳云溪XY-Ⅱ和江苏武进PAFC比现有PAC浮选剂的处理效果佳,且运行成本低.     

Efficacy of natural biocide on control of microbial induced corrosion in oil pipelines mediated by Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio gigas

We compared the efficacy of a natural biocide with four chemical tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfonate, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, and formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, to control microbial induced corrosion in oil pipelines. The efficacy of biocides were monitored against Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio gigas in experimental pipes by measuring cell counts, H2S production, Fe(II) production, production of extracellular polymeric substances and structure of biofilm. The treatment with cow urine had minimum planktonic cell counts of 3 102 CFU/mL as well as biofilm cell counts of 9 101 CFU/mL as compared with tetrakishydroxyl methyl phosphonium sulfonate, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. Sulfide production was the lowest with cow urine (0.08 mmol/L), followed by tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfonate 0.72 mmol/L. On day 90 of treatment, Fe(II) production was also found to be the lowest with cow urine. The scanning electron microscopic studies indicated that the biofilm bacteria were killed by cow urine. These results demonstrate the cow urine mediated control of microbially induced corrosion, and this is indicative of its potential as a viable substitute of toxic biocides. To the best of our knowledge, this seems to be the first report which screens possible biocidal activity by cow urine as compared to the most common biocides which oil industry is currently using.     

改性海泡石除磷剂除磷过程热力学的研究

通过研究改性海泡石对磷的吸附性能,确定了除磷剂用量、温度、含磷废水流量、添加剂等因素对改性海泡石磷吸附热力学平衡的影响.研究结果表明:改性海泡石除磷剂对废水中PO43-离子的吸附容量随除磷剂质量的增加而减小;去除率随除磷剂用量的增加而增大;提高酸改性温度有利于复合除磷剂对磷的吸附;除磷剂的吸附量随海泡石焙烧温度的提高而...     

利用铜矿尾砂研制低强度可控性填料

利用铜矿尾砂、粉煤灰、水泥以及加气剂等,混合搅拌成泥浆体,振动成型,制备出低强度可控性填料(CLSM).试验表明:以水泥12.9％、铜矿尾砂(细集料)22.6％、加气剂3.2％、粉煤灰12.9％等工业废弃物,加水48.4％,固液比控制在(14～15):(15～16)之间,制得的CLSM制品,抗压强度0.35～2.00 ...     

产表面活性剂根际菌协同龙葵修复镉污染土壤

从某矿区重金属污染的土壤中分离筛选出一株能产生物表面活性剂的根际细菌LKS06,经生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列分析,将其鉴定为假单孢菌属(Pseudomonas sp.LKS06).生物学特性的测定表明,菌株LKS06对多种重金属有很高的耐受性,且具有分泌吲哚乙酸、产铁载体和ACC脱氨酶活性的能力,并对土壤重金属...     

Quantitative method to determine the regional drinking water odorant regulation goals based on odor sensitivity distribution：Illustrated using 2-MIB

Taste and odor （T/O） in drinking water often cause consumer complaints and are thus regulated in many countries. However, people in different regions may exhibit different sensitivities toward WO. This study proposed a method to determine the regional drinking water odorant regulation goals （ORGs） based on the odor sensitivity distribution of the local population. The distribution of odor sensitivity to 2-methylisobomeol （2-MIB） by the local population in Beijing, China was revealed by using a normal distribution function/model to describe the odor complaint response to a 2-MIB episode in 2005, and a 2-MIB concentration of 12.9 ng/L and FPA （flavor profile analysis） intensity of 2.5 was found to be the critical point to cause odor complaints. Thus the Beijing ORG for 2-MIB was determined to be 12.9 ng/L. Based on the assumption that the local FPA panel can represent the local population in terms of sensitivity to odor, and that the critical FPA intensity causing odor complaints was 2.5, this study tried to determine the ORGs for seven other cities of China by performing FPA tests using an FPA panel from the corresponding city. ORG values between 12.9 and 31.6 ng/L were determined, showing that a unified ORG may not be suitable for drinking water odor regulations. This study presents a novel approach for setting drinking water odor regulations.     

新型环保道路抑尘剂在城市道路的应用

以北京部分城市道路扬尘为对象,研究了新型环保道路抑尘剂喷洒前后道路扬尘中PM10和PM2.5浓度的变化。结果显示,喷洒新型环保道路抑尘剂能够有效降低扬尘中PM10的浓度,对PM10的降尘效果为25%,对PM2.5也有一定的降尘效果,同时对大气中的氮氧化物有一定的吸附作用,说明该新型环保道路抑尘剂可有效抑尘,减少污染。