不同温度下超高层建筑窗口火蔓延模拟分析

为揭示不同温度条件对凹型超高层建筑窗口羽流火焰融合高度的影响,采用火灾动态仿真模拟软件PyroSim,构建不同温度条件下凹型超高层建筑的火灾模型;分析该模型下竖向连续多窗口温度分布等温线及温度曲线。结果表明:在不同室外温度条件下,纵向连续3窗口比2窗口在达到危险温度540℃时,火焰融合高度上升4.5~5.9 m;在达到危险温度350℃时,火焰高度上升11.0~13.3 m。纵向连续4窗口比3窗口在达到危险温度540℃时,火焰融合高度上升3.0~3.4 m;在达到危险温度350℃时,火焰高度上升7.8~9.5 m;对于凹型超高层建筑,室内外温差越大,火焰融合高度越高;从纵向连续3窗口开始,火焰融合高度增长趋势下降。     

基于MODIS-OLI遥感数据融合技术的农田生产力估算

大范围、高精度的农田生产力遥感监测依赖于高时空分辨率的遥感数据,单纯依靠由单一类型传感器数据获取的高时相或者高空间分辨率的遥感数据都不能满足清晰掌握田块尺度上作物生长动态的需求。全球免费提供的空间分辨率250~1 000 m的MODIS数据和空间分辨率30 m的Landsat数据是植被动态监测普遍应用的数据源,针对应用MODIS数据估算的农田生产力空间分辨率较低而Landsat卫星重访周期长的局限性,研究基于空间分辨率30 m的Landsat 8 OLI数据与空间分辨率500 m的MODIS数据,应用时空数据融合技术,融合OLI数据的高清晰空间表达能力与时间间隔8 d的MODIS数据的植被生长时间序列过程的监测能力,获得空间分辨率30 m、时间步长8 d的时间序列数据,利用VPM （Vegetation Photosynthesis Model）模型以宁夏永宁县部分地区为试验区估算该区域的NPP。研究结果表明,融合后所得30 m分辨率的NPP具有良好的空间细节信息,提高了MODIS数据中混合像元上的估算精度,并保留了MODIS数据原始的时间过程信息,以30 m的空间分辨率刻画出作物的生长动态;较单独应用MODIS数据,使用融合数据估算的NPP可更有效检测出高标准农田建设对农田生产力的提升。     

J酸清洁生产新工艺的研究

借助高压液相色谱研究了J酸清洁生产新工艺,优化了J酸制备的反应条件,按照新工艺,产品的干品含量(偶合值)高于95%,而杂质异构体γ酸含量低于0.5%,J酸对吐氏酸的总收率达76%,减少了废水的排放.     

原生质体融合技术选育高效菌株降解聚乙烯醇的研究

从自然界中分离得到4株能降解聚乙烯醇(PVA)的细菌,经紫外线诱变,得到两株具有单重抗药性的突变菌株S7(Str-,Kan+)和K15(Str+,Kan-),二者对PVA的去除率分别达到52%和58%。将S7和K15作为亲本菌株进行原生质体融合,并通过正交试验,对原生质体融合的条件进行优化,使融合率达到4.603×10-5。融合子F4菌株对PVA去除率达到79.9%,是原始菌株的两倍,将其培养成活性污泥后,PVA去除率可达87%,是普通活性污泥的3～4倍。     

Porous silica synthesis out of coal fly ash with no residue generation and complete silicon separation

● Both amorphous and crystalline silicon are completely separated from coal fly ash. ● Porous silica is synthesized out of coal fly ash. ● No residues is produced during the whole synthesis process. ● The one-step method to synthesize silica don’t need long-time reaction and aging. Ordered mesoporous silica materials exhibit enormous potential in industrial production. Since coal fly ash (CFA) is abundant in Si, it has become a green and promising way to utilize CFA by synthesizing porous silica materials. However, the stable crystalline structure of CFA limits the extraction of Si, and the residue is generated during the process of extracting Si. In this work, we proposed a no-residue method to synthesize ordered mesoporous silica out of CFA. Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) was used to reconstruct the crystals of the CFA, and the calcined mixture then directly reacted with the precipitators. This method combined the process of Si extraction and porous material synthesis. In this method, no residue was generated and the silicon in both amorphous and crystalline phases of CFA was fully utilized. By this method, the extraction efficiency of Si was increased from 31.75% to nearly 100%. The as-synthesized mesoporous silica had a highly-ordered pore structure with a space group of la-3d, a surface area of 663.87 m²/g, a pore volume of 0.41 cm³/g, and an average pore diameter of 2.73 nm. The mechanism of crystalline transformation and material structure formation were systematically studied. This method provides a new idea to dispose of CFA and synthesize porous silica materials.     

信息融合技术在采空区安全评价中的应用研究

信息融合技术充分利用多源信息的互补性、综合性,可以极大地提高评价指标信息的质量和可信度。本文利用信息融合的理论和方法,建立了煤矿采空区安全性评价的数学模型,给出了基于D-S证据理论的多源信息分析、处理、分配、融合等信息处理步骤,结合GIS的强大图形处理能力,快速生成成果图。通过对某采空区安全预测的实际应用,获得了满意的效果,说明所建模型的有效性和实用性。     

Model-based information fusion investigation on fault isolation of subsea systems considering the interaction among subsystems and sensors

The offshore oil industry has expanded to deep water and Arctic. The harsh operating conditions (e.g., ice and strong wind) and increasing complicated system raise the occurrence likelihood of system faults. This requires timely fault isolation and management in the subsea system. However, the offshore oil industry mainly relies on humans to isolate faults based on alarms. With harsh operating conditions and increasing complicated system, this industry urgently needs research on more efficient fault isolation and cause diagnosis methods. Unfortunately, limited research is conducted on fault isolation method in the offshore oil industry. Furthermore, in industry 4.0 era, large amounts of information are obtained. This provides precondition for the application of information fusion technique which aims to improve diagnosis results. However, to the authors’ knowledge, information fusion has not been much studied in the fault isolation of the offshore oil industry. Moreover, the interaction of different subsystems contains valuable information. How the interaction of different subsystems can influence the fault diagnosis has not been explored. This paper proposes a Bayesian network (BN) based method for timely fault isolation and cause diagnosis for the offshore oil industry. The work fuses different information, and it also includes the dependency among different subsystems in the fault diagnosis. As an important alarm source, false alarms are also taken into account in the model. A case study on the subject of the subsea wellhead and chemical injection systems is conducted to demonstrate the functions and merits of the proposed method.     

基于洪水过程的农业洪灾变化遥感快速评估模型及其应用

洪涝灾情的准确测度需要同时兼顾淹没区的面积大小和淹水时长信息。利用淹没区内由水和作物等多种地物所组成的"复合水体"不同于水体的波谱时间变化特性,将不同洪灾时期的水体指数和植被指数进行信息复合,以有效凸显水体和洪涝淹没区之间的影像差异,据此进行了灾初期、峰期和中后期等3个时次受淹范围的有效识别。在此基础上,根据洪涝灾情随着淹没时长而加重以及灾区内淹水时长非均匀分布的特性,建立基于淹没时长的受淹面积不等权参与的洪灾扩展动态度指数(Variation Index of Flood,VIF)和区域灾情比较指数(Comparison Index of Flood Disaster,CIFD)两种模型,并将模型应用于鄱阳湖区2016年夏季农业洪涝灾害的时空变化遥感监测。结果显示,应用上述两种模型不仅可以准确获取鄱阳湖区本次农业洪涝灾情的演变趋势,而且能够方便地对比分析区域内不同地方的受灾程度。鄱阳湖区在2016年6月23日~7月25日期间的洪涝灾情具有由弱增强再趋弱的特征,其VIF指数由初始阶段(6月23日~7月9日)的3.75降至后续阶段(7月9日~7月23日)的1.29;鄱阳县是研究区内受灾最严重的区域,其CIFD指数值居于研究区内各受灾县市之首,该县受灾总面积以及多次被淹的灾区面积均高于其他县市。     

聚乙烯燃气管道施工焊接质量控制

随着聚乙烯管道在城镇燃气管网中的大量推广使用,由于管道输送的介质具有可燃易爆的特性,管道连接的焊接质量关系到城市燃气管网的安全稳定运行。通过介绍聚乙烯燃气管道的连接方式,分析影响聚乙烯管道焊接质量的因素,提出焊接施工中质量控制的措施。     

基于安全系统理论的水电工程智能安全管控模型设计

针对水电工程智能安全管控体系建设的问题,根据以信息化建造、数字大坝、智能大坝为特征的发展阶段趋势,运用安全系统理论,结合大数据、人工智能及云计算等最新信息技术,提出水电工程智能安全管理的内涵特征、层次结构、基础要素及技术体系,建立基于安全系统理论的水电工程智能安全管控模型。该模型借助数据感知技术,以推动人、机、环境三元融合为目标,形成基于群智数据协同的水电工程智能安全管控体系。以大渡河金川水电站为例,在该模型下实现了安全管理的风险识别、全面感知、智能管控和实时预警,为水电工程智能安全管控和智慧高效决策提供支撑。