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81.
A strategy for aromatic hydrocarbon bioremediation under anaerobic conditions and the impacts of ethanol: a microcosm study 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Increased use of ethanol-blended gasoline (gasohol) and its potential release into the subsurface have spurred interest in studying the biodegradation of and interactions between ethanol and gasoline components such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene isomers (BTEX) in groundwater plumes. The preferred substrate status and the high biological oxygen demand (BOD) posed by ethanol and its biodegradation products suggests that anaerobic electron acceptors (EAs) will be required to support in situ bioremediation of BTEX. To develop a strategy for aromatic hydrocarbon bioremediation and to understand the impacts of ethanol on BTEX biodegradation under strictly anaerobic conditions, a microcosm experiment was conducted using pristine aquifer sand and groundwater obtained from Canadian Forces Base Borden, Canada. The initial electron accepter pool included nitrate, sulfate and/or ferric iron. The microcosms typically contained 400 g of sediment, 600 approximately 800 ml of groundwater, and with differing EAs added, and were run under anaerobic conditions. Ethanol was added to some at concentrations of 500 and 5000 mg/L. Trends for biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons for the Borden aquifer material were first developed in the absence of ethanol, The results showed that indigenous microorganisms could degrade all aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX and trimethylbenzene isomers-TMB) under nitrate- and ferric iron-combined conditions, but not under sulfate-reducing conditions. Toluene, ethylbenzene and m/p-xylene were biodegraded under denitrifying conditions. However, the persistence of benzene indicated that enhancing denitrification alone was insufficient. Both benzene and o-xylene biodegraded significantly under iron-reducing conditions, but only after denitrification had removed other aromatics. For the trimethylbenzene isomers, 1,3,5-TMB biodegradation was found under denitrifying and then iron-reducing conditions. Biodegradation of 1,2,3-TMB or 1,2,4-TMB was slower under iron-reducing conditions. This study suggests that addition of excess ferric iron combined with limited nitrate has promise for in situ bioremediation of BTEX and TMB in the Borden aquifer and possibly for other sites contaminated by hydrocarbons. This study is the first to report 1,2,3-TMB biodegradation under strictly anaerobic condition. With the addition of 500 mg/L ethanol but without EA addition, ethanol and its main intermediate, acetate, were quickly biodegraded within 41 d with methane as a major product. Ethanol initially present at 5000 mg/L without EA addition declined slowly with the persistence of unidentified volatile fatty acids, likely propionate and butyrate, but less methane. In contrast, all ethanol disappeared with repeated additions of either nitrate or ferric iron, but acetate and unidentified intermediates persisted under iron-enhanced conditions. With the addition of 500 mg/L ethanol and nitrate, only minor toluene biodegradation was observed under denitrifying conditions and only after ethanol and acetate were utilized. The higher ethanol concentration (5000 mg/L) essentially shut down BTEX biodegradation likely due to high EA demand provided by ethanol and its intermediates. The negative findings for anaerobic BTEX biodegradation in the presence of ethanol and/or its biodegradation products are in contrast to recent research reported by Da Silva et al. [Da Silva, M.L.B., Ruiz-Aguilar, G.M.L., Alvarez, P.J.J., 2005. Enhanced anaerobic biodegradation of BTEX-ethanol mixtures in aquifer columns amended with sulfate, chelated ferric iron or nitrate. Biodegradation. 16, 105-114]. Our results suggest that the apparent conservation of high residual labile carbon as biodegradation products such as acetate makes natural attenuation of aromatics less effective, and makes subsequent addition of EAs to promote in situ BTEX biodegradation problematic. 相似文献
82.
生物强化技术在生物修复中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对生物强化技术在生物修复中的应用情况进行了探讨,主要从生物强化技术的基础与分类、应用、系统的设计与运行等方面进行了讨论。生物强化技术以生物修复工程为技术支撑,利用高效的降解微生物治理目标污染物,在环境污染治理中具有广阔的应用前景. 相似文献
83.
目前,三氯乙烯(TCE)的大规模使用,已使其成为地下水中分布最广泛的污染物之一.因其在环境中具有持久性,对生物的高毒性作用,而受到了各国的广泛关注.在众多的TCE处理技术中,以生物修复处理技术最经济有效.文章在分析了TCE的性质及其生物降解机理的基础上,结合国内外的相关研究,对微生物修复技术和植物修复技术进行了详细论述,并对微生物修复技术和植物修复技术进行综合分析,指出两种技术相结合的方法可以更有效地去除被污染的地下水中的TCE. 相似文献
84.
氯代硝基苯降解菌Comamonas sp.strain CNB-1对污染土壤生物修复作用的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
硝基取代芳烃化合物是一类重要的环境污染物,利用微生物降解作用修复被污染的土壤、清除环境中的污染物等具有重要的现实意义(Peres et al.,2000).利用从污水处理厂分离的一株降解氯代硝基苯的丛毛单胞菌(Comamonas sp.)菌株CNB-l进行了消除土壤中氯代硝基苯的试验研究.传统的菌落计数方法和针对氯代硝基苯降解酶基因的竞争性定量PCR技术监测结果表明,菌株CNB-1有效地在土壤中定值和存活,其细胞数量与污染物浓度具有显著的相关性,并能够在2 d时间内完全清除土壤中2 μg·g-1的氯代硝基苯.利用PCR-DGGE技术对土壤中的微生物群落检测,结果表明,存在污染物氯代硝基苯时可以明显检测到加入的菌株CNB-1的特征性条带,加入菌株CNB-1对土壤中原来微生物群落的影响不大.结论:菌株CNB-1在硝基芳烃污染土壤的生物修复中可能具有良好的应用前景. 相似文献
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87.
Perchlorate as an environmental contaminant 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Urbansky ET 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2002,9(3):187-192
Perchlorate anion (ClO4-) has been found in drinking water supplies throughout the southwestern United States. It is primarily associated with releases of ammonium perchlorate by defense contractors, military operations, and aerospace programs. Ammonium perchlorate is used as a solid oxidant in missile and rocket propulsion systems. Traces of perchlorate are found in Chile saltpeter, but the use of such fertilizer has not been associated with large scale contamination. Although it is a strong oxidant, perchlorate anion is very persistent in the environment due to the high activation energy associated with its reduction. At high enough concentrations, perchlorate can affect thyroid gland functions, where it is mistakenly taken up in place of iodide. A safe daily exposure has not yet been set, but is expected to be released in 2002. Perchlorate is measured in environmental samples primarily by ion chromatography. It can be removed by anion exchange or membrane filtration. It is destroyed by some biological and chemical processes. The environmental occurrence, toxicity, analytical chemistry, and remediative approaches are discussed. 相似文献
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89.
中国富营养化湖泊的生物修复 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
顾宗濂 《生态与农村环境学报》2002,18(1):42-45
描述了中国湖泊富营养化污染现状 ,论述了湖泊富营养化形成的机理、生物修复富营养化湖泊 (尤其是去除水体和底泥碳、氮、磷 )的理论依据 ;提出了修复湖泊富营养化的技术途径 ,阐明了笔者对机械清淤和生物修复各自具有的优势和缺陷的看法。 相似文献
90.
天然水体环境温度对生物修复工艺除NH+4-N效果影响分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用弹性填料微孔曝气生物修复方法净化受污染的某饮用水源,探讨了天然水体环境温度变化对生物除NH4^ -N作用效果的影响。结果表明,水体环境温度对生物修复工艺除NH4^ -N作用影响很大,水温越高,生物修复工艺除NH4^ -N效果越好,在较低的水体环境温度下,水温变化对生物修复工艺除NH4^ -N作用效果影响最大;在日常水体环境温度下,水温变化对生物修复工艺除NH4^ -N作用效果影响最小;在水体环境温度较高条件下,水温变化对生物修复工艺除NH4^ -N作用效果影响较小。 相似文献