Predicting the risk of cobalt deprivation in grazing livestock from soil composition data

The objective was to derive predictive equations for acetic acid-extractable cobalt (A-ECo) in soils so that extensive national databases for total (T) Co in soils and stream sediments could be converted to plant available concentrations for the purpose of predicting risk of Co deficiency in grazing livestock. Data on the chemical and physical properties of 103 soils from 15 different parent materials and 54 soil series in England and Wales were used. Ranges for the mean values for parent materials were: TCo, 5.0–20.4 and A-ECo, 0.20–1.30 mg kg^–1; percentage (P) A-ECo, 3.4–13.5; soil manganese (Mn) 268–1174 mg kgDM^–1; pH, 3.7–8.0. There were significant effects of parent material on all parameters with Chalks, Old and New Red Sandstones particularly low in A-ECo. Multiple linear regression yielded the following equation for predicting A-ECo, which accounted for 56% of the variance with 12 outliers, including the lowest pH values, omitted:A-ECo(mg kg^-1) = 1.4 - 0.0619TCo (mg kg^-1) - 0.432TMn(g kg^-1) - 0.171pHPrediction of PA-ECo was less precise:PA-ECo(%) = 21.1 - 4.5TMn(g kg^-1) - 1.77pH(r ² = 44.8%; 88 d.f.REML was used on the complete, unbalanced, log-transformed data set to fit a Generalised Mixed Model with parent material as random effect and soil Mn and pH as fixed effects; the effect of parent material was no longer significant. It was concluded that A-ECo can be satisfactorily predicted for most soils in England and Wales from TCo, TMn and soil pH.     

Synthesis of Li-doped bismuth oxide nanoplates,Co nanoparticles modification,and good photocatalytic activity toward organic pollutants

Abstract

Lithium-doped bismuth oxide nanoplates with the thickness of 50–150?nm and tetragonal bismuth oxide, monoclinic lithium bismuthate phases have been synthesized via a simple hydrothermal process using lithium acetate and sodium bismuthate as the raw materials. Cobalt nanoparticles modified lithium-doped bismuth oxide nanoplates hybrids were obtained by an in situ photo-deposition route. The cobalt nanoparticles-modified nanoplates hybrids display significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity toward gentian violet compared with the nanoplates. Gentian violet solution can be totally degraded by the hybrids within 60?min under ultraviolet–visible light irradiation. The superior photocatalytic activity of the cobalt nanoparticles modified nanoplates hybrids originates from the superior charge transfer capacity and the energy band structure of the hybrids. The excellent photocatalytic performance makes the cobalt nanoparticles modified nanoplates hybrids a promising candidate as the photocatalyst for wastewater treatment.     

A nanocomposite of CoFe2O4-carbon microspheres for electrochemical energy storage applications

A carbon/CoFe₂O₄ composite was synthesized by precipitation method. The morphology of the composite was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The electrocapacitive behaviors of the composite has been studies by cycle voltammogram and galvanic charge/discharge. The size of the nanoparticles carbon composite of CoFe₂O₄ was uniform and 209 nm. Due to a high percent of carbon, electrochemical measurements showed electrical double layer mechanism. Specifically, the carbon/cobalt ferrite electrode exhibited high specific capacitance of 102.5 F g^?1 at a current density of 0.16 A g^?1, and high rate capability with 30% retention of capacitance even up to 20 A g^?1, and excellent cycling stability with 81.5% retention of the initial capacitance after 6000 charge/discharge cycles, supporting that the carbon cobalt ferrite composite electrode could be a potential candidate for supercapacitor application.     

PPy/TiO2光催化微生物燃料电池产电及在钴酸锂浸出中的应用

以无水氯化铁为氧化剂,碳纸为基板,通过化学氧化法制备聚吡咯/二氧化钛（PPy/TiO₂）光电阴极,采用XRD、IR、SEM对光催化材料进行表征.以碳纸为阳极;碳纸、TiO₂改性碳纸和PPy/TiO₂改性碳纸为阴极,构建双室微生物燃料电池（MFC）.在光照条件下,研究了MFC废水处理效果、产电性能及阴极钴酸锂的浸出情况.结果表明：PPy/TiO₂改性碳纸最大功率密度为10425.7mW/m²,分别是碳纸和TiO₂改性碳纸的1.97和1.86倍;PPy/TiO₂改性碳纸阴极Co（Ⅱ）浸出率为47.8%,分别是碳纸和TiO₂改性碳纸的1.87和1.76倍.     

铈钴复合氧化物催化剂催化CO-SCR反应机理研究

利用共沉淀法制备了一系列Ce-Co-O_x复合氧化物催化剂,并对其CO-SCR反应性能进行了研究.考察了Co和Ce比例对CO-SCR反应活性的影响,确定最佳的Ce和Co复合比例为3：7,最高转化率为84%（250℃）.经表征分析发现,Ce（0.3）-Co（0.7）-O_x上发生CO-SCR的主活性位点是Co.掺杂Ce提升催化性能主要有两方面原因：一是催化剂比表面积增大,提高了表面的吸附位数量;二是Ce-Co-O_x催化剂形成的固溶体提升了氧迁移率.反应机理可能是气态或者弱吸附状态的CO与NO的吸附物种（主要是桥接二齿亚硝酸盐物种和螯合式双齿硝酸盐物种）反应.     

酸浸—萃取—沉淀法回收废锂离子电池中的钴

采用酸浸—萃取—沉淀法回收废锂离子电池中的钴。实验结果表明:废锂离子电池在600℃下煅烧5 h可将正极材料上的有机黏结剂与正极活性物质分离;正极活性物质在Na OH溶液浓度为2.0 mol/L、n(Na OH)∶n(铝)=2.5、碱浸温度为20℃的条件下碱浸反应1 h后,铝浸出率达99.7%;已除铝的正极活性物质在硫酸浓度为2.5 mol/L、H_2O_2质量浓度为7.25 g/L、液固比为10、酸浸温度为85℃的条件下酸浸反应120 min,钴浸出率高达98.0%;酸浸液在p H为3.5、萃取剂P507与Cyanex272体积比为1∶1的条件下,经2级萃取,钴萃取率为95.5%;采用H_2SO_4溶液反萃后在硫化钠质量浓度为8 g/L、反萃液p H为4的条件下沉淀反应10 min,钴沉淀率达99.9%。     

Concentration of some heavy metals in organically grown primitive,old and modern wheat genotypes: Implications for human health

The concentration of six HMs (Cd, Cr, Co, Pb, Hg and Ni) was analysed in 321 organically grown winter and spring wheat genotypes from six genotype groups, i.e. selections, old landraces, primitive wheat, spelt, old cultivars and cultivars. Also the potential risk of individual toxic HM to human health was estimated by using the Hazard Quotient (HQ). Significantly the lowest grain concentration of Cd was found in primitive wheat as compared to all other investigated genotype groups. Intake of HM by consumption of whole wheat grain was not found to pose a health risk to human for any of the investigated genotype groups. The bio-concentration factor of Cd for the different genotype groups indicated a lower ability to accumulate Cd for primitive wheat as compared to other genotype groups. The primitive wheat was found the most promising and might be of interest in future wheat breeding programs to develop wheat genotypes with low HMs concentration in the grain.     

不同螯合剂对花生富集污染土壤中Co的影响

采用模拟Co污染土壤的方法,分别投加2.5 mmol/kg、5.0mmol/kg、7.5 mmol/kg的EDDS、NTA、CA和OA,研究了其对花生生长与吸收土壤重金属Co,以及对土壤中Co的活化能力的影响.结果表明:整合剂处理使花生的生物量降低,在高浓度整合剂处理时,降幅最大;EDDS的添加比NTA、CA和OA更显著地增加了土壤Co的有效态质量比,同时明显提高了花生的富集系数和转运能力;在螯合剂处理下,花生的转运系数最高达到0.916,具备了修复土壤重金属污染的能力;根系和地上部富集Co能力最强时分别达到58.64 mg/kg和46.33mg/kg,是对照组的1.29和3.63倍;各处理花生根系中的Co质量比要高于茎叶中的质量比,花生植株Co质量比与土壤有效态Co质量比呈显著(p＜0.05)或极显著相关(p＜0.01);综合来看,螯合剂的投加能有效活化土壤溶液中的Co,促进植物吸收、转运重金属.     

Co(Ⅱ)在磁性埃洛石上的吸附行为研究

采用化学共沉淀法成功制备了磁性埃洛石,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等手段详细表征了改性前后埃洛石的结构和形态,并采用静态批量平衡法对Co(Ⅱ)在磁性埃洛石上的吸附行为和机理进行探究,考察了料液比、平衡时间、p H值和温度等因素对吸附的影响.实验结果表明:温度为50℃时,Co(Ⅱ)在磁性埃洛石上的最大吸附容量为17.5mg·g-1.p H7.5时,随着p H增加,吸附量增大;当p H=7.5时,吸附量达到最大;以后即使p H增大,吸附量也不会明显变化.动力学过程符合准二级动力学方程;热力学过程符合Langmuir吸附等温线;升高温度利于Co(Ⅱ)在磁性埃洛石上吸附.     

人发中微量钴的分光光度测定

本文应用显色剂5-(2＇-噻唑偶氮)-2,4-二氨基甲苯(简称2,4-TADAT)测定了人发中的钴,方法操作方便、选择性好,获得满意结果.