Cobalt speciation assay for human serum,Part I. Method for measuring large and small molecular cobalt and protein-binding capacity using size exclusion chromatography with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy detection

A method utilizing size exclusion liquid chromatography (SEC) was developed to separate and quantify large molecular cobalt (Co) (e.g., albumin-Co) from cyanocobalamin (vitamin B₁₂) and small molecular Co (e.g., glutathione-Co and free Co) in human serum. Highly selective and sensitive detection using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry was coupled with SEC to provide a method with reliable accuracy, precision, recoveries, stability, and a detection limit of 0.037 μg/L in undiluted serum. Other divalent metal cations known to compete with Co(II) for serum albumin-binding sites (such as iron, zinc, manganese, cadmium, copper, nickel, and lead) did not significantly alter Co(II) quantification. Co–protein binding capacity determination of individual serum samples indicated that addition of 2500 μg Co/L to undiluted human serum resulted in approximately 90% distribution to the large molecular Co peak, consistent with Co binding to high-affinity divalent metal binding sites on albumin. Since serum albumin binding partially sequesters biologically active Co(II) ions, this method provides an important tool for better understanding the kinetics and toxicology of Co compounds. Thus, the proposed method might play an important role in establishing Co dose–response relationships that affect the equilibrium concentrations of free ionic Co(II).     

钴负载MCM-41分子筛催化臭氧氧化水中氯代苯甲酸

通过水热法合成介孔分子筛MCM-41,采用等体积浸渍法制备了Co负载MCM-41分子筛催化剂(Co/MCM-41).小角X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)、N2吸附-脱附等温线及透射电镜(TEM)等对催化剂的成分、结构的表征结果显示,Co/MCM-41保持了纯硅MCM-41有序的介孔结构,钴元素以钴氧化物形式存在,比表面达到772 m.2g-1.将Co/MCM-41分子筛用于催化臭氧氧化水中对氯苯甲酸(p-CBA)的研究,结果表明,在优化条件下(2%负载量和25℃反应温度),催化剂的加入显著改善了TOC去除率,达到84.6%,是单独臭氧氧化的1.6倍.     

富氧条件下Ag、Co和Cu/Al2O3选择性催化还原NO的研究

研究了负载于氧化铝载体上的Ag、Co和Cu 3种金属催化剂在富氧条件下以丙烯为还原剂,选择性催化还原NO的活性,考察了这3种金属单独负载时其负载量与活性的关系,并尝试探讨了这几种金属活性组分之间的一些组合效应.研究表明,单组分催化剂以Ag的活性最佳,达近90%,Co其次,Cu最低.相应的最佳活性温度则是Cu最低,Ag最高.对于单组分Ag催化剂,相同负载量的分步浸渍与一步浸渍样品活性无明显差异.机械混合样品的活性不是单组分样品活性的简单加和.其中,以Ag-Co机械混合样品的活性最佳,最高活性高于80%.复合催化剂一步浸渍与分步浸渍样品的活性均有不同程度的下降,一步浸渍的几个样品的活性下降尤为明显,最高活性只有30%多.     

含钴镍废水的萃取处理研究

采用Ｎ２３５作萃取剂，在合适的酸度和氯离子浓度条件下，对含钴镍废水进行溶剂萃取处理，重点研究了酸度、氯离子浓度、萃取级数及反萃条件对钴镍分离效率的影响，试验结果表明，可以有效地回收利用废水中的钴和镍。     

Cobalt and manganese stress in the microalga Pavlova viridis （Prymnesiophyceae）： Effects on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes

Pollution of marine environment has become an issue of major concern in recent years.Serious environmental pollution by heavy metals results from their increasing utilization in industrial processes and because most heavy metals are transported into the marine environment and accumulated without decomposition.The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects on growth,pigments, lipid peroxidation,and some antioxidant enzyme activities of marine microalga Pavlova viridis,in response to elevated concentrations of cobalt(Co)and manganese(Mn),especially with regard to the involvement of antioxidative defences against heavy metal-induced oxidative stress.In response to Co~(2 ),lipid peroxidation was enhanced compared to the control,as an indication of the oxidative damage caused by metal concentration assayed in the microalgal cells but not Mn~(2 ).Exposure of Pavlova viridis to the two metals caused changes in enzyme activities in a different manner,depending on the metal assayed:after Co~(2 )treatments,total superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity was irregular,although it was not significantly affected by Mn~(2 )exposure.Co~(2 )and Mn~(2 )stimulated the activities of catalase(CAT)and glutathione(GSH),whereas,ghitathione peroxidase(GPX)showed a remarkable increase in activity in response to Co~(2 )treatments and decreased gradually with Mn~(2 )concentration,up to 50μmol/L,and then rose very rapidly,reaching to about 38.98% at 200μmol/L Mn~(2 ).These results suggest that an activation of some antioxidant enzymes was enhanced,to counteract the oxidative stress induced by the two metals at higher concentration.     

钴在土壤和植物系统中的迁移转化行为及其毒性

钴是人与动植物必需的微量元素,但土壤环境中过量的钴可通过土壤-粮食/蔬菜-人与动物等途径进入人体或动植物体内,对其产生危害,因此有必要了解土壤中钴的含量,应该将钴纳入必须检测与掌控的指标。然而,我国目前对于土壤中钴的含量却没有一个明确的评价体系,致使无法有效地对土壤中钴的含量进行评价和管控,从而给土壤以及人和动植物的健康都带来一定的风险。本文通过整理近20多年的国内外文献资料,综述了钴的特点、应用、形态、含量、毒性、评估方法,指出了现行对土壤中钴污染风险评估体系中存在的问题,并提出了今后的研究方向。     

钴与5-磺酸[杯(4)芳烃偶氮]氨基喹啉显色反应的研究及应用

合成了新试剂5-磺酸[杯(4)芳烃偶氮]氨基喹啉,并研究了该试剂与钴显色反应条件.结果表明,在pH＞12的碱性介质中,在TritonX-100存在下,CAQ与钴发生显色反应,生成1:1稳定络合物.λmax=650 nm,ε=4.80×104L·mol-1·cm-1,钴含量在0～1 200μg/L内符合比耳定律.方法用于矿样中钴的测定,结果令人满意.     

Dry reforming of methane over oil palm shell activated carbon and ZSM-5 supported cobalt catalysts

In this study, cobalt supported oil palm shell activated carbon (Co/OPS-AC) and ZSM-5 zeolite (Co/ZSM-5) catalysts have been prepared for dry reforming of methane. Cobalt ratios of 6.0 and 14.0 wt% were deposited via wet impregnation method to the OPS-AC and ZSM-5 catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, N₂ adsorption--desorption isotherms, BET surface area, SEM, FESEM-EDX, TPR-H₂, and TPD-NH₃. The dry reforming of methane was performed using a micro reactor system under the condition of 10,000 ml/h.g-cat, 3 atm, CH₄/CO₂ ratio of 1.2:1.0 and temperature range from 923 K to 1023 K. The gaseous products were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) with thermal conductivity detector (TCD) and further quantified to determine the conversions of CH₄ and CO₂, and the yields of CO and H₂. Experimental results revealed both catalysts exhibited lower conversions of CO₂ and CH₄ with the increase in temperature from 923 K to 1023 K. The reduced conversions may be due to the formation of carboneous substance on the catalyst known as coking. Comparatively, Co/OPS-AC gave higher conversions of CO₂ and CH₄ as well as higher yields of H₂ and CO as it has a higher surface area than Co/ZSM-5 which subsequently rendered higher activity for the reforming of methane. With the increasing cobalt loadings and reaction temperature, OPS-AC(14) catalyst exhibited improved activity and H₂/CO ratio. Based on these results, cobalt supported OPS activated carbon catalyst was suggested to be more effective for CO₂ and CH₄ conversions.     

新型硅镁胶（MgO·2SiO2）对模拟放射性废水中CO2＋的吸附性能

以泡花碱和氯化镁为原料合成出了一种新型硅镁胶（MgO-2SiO2）吸附材料，用傅里叶红外光谱仪对其进行了表征，并对模拟放射性废水中的Co2＋进行吸附实验。结果表明，控制合成pH在10．50～11．00，可以得到目标硅镁胶（MgO·2SiO2），在460cm-1处出现了较强的吸收峰，这是由Mg-O伸缩振动和si—Mg-O弯曲振动引起。在500℃焙烧4h后，可以得到吸附性能良好的硅镁胶，随着溶液pit的升高，去除率增大，在pH为4～8时达到最大。25％时，最大吸附量可达135．5mg／g，吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附方程和准二级动力学方程。重复使用4次，对Co2＋的吸附量仍然达到130mg／g，说明硅镁胶是一种可重复利用的吸附剂。     

Polarographic determination of the stability constant of the ternary complex formed between cocaine and cobalt thiocyanate

The interactions between cocaine -- Co(II) and thiocyanate (or dimethylglyoxime) have been studied by electrochemical means, assuming the existence of a ternary complex with the stoichiometry [(H₂O)₃Co(SCN)(C₁₇H₂₁NO₄)]⁺ and the absence of similar ternary species containing dimethylglyoxime. The formation constant of the complex has been evaluated by polarographic titrations because of the irreversibility of electrochemical processes. This relatively small value of 2.37 × 10⁵ is in agreement with the experimental conditions at which Scott's method is typically carried out to detect cocaine in solid samples by reaction with Co(II) thiocyanate.