Heavy metal removal and cyanide destruction in the metal plating industry: an integrated approach from egypt

Wastewater produced from a metal plating is a major environmental problem. Industrial auditing revealed that the main source of pollution mainly originated from rinsing water. The characterization of final effluent showed that it is highly contaminated with hazardous heavy metals and cyanide. The concentration of copper, hexavalent chromium, nickel, and cyanide in the rinsing water of metal plating department was 14.8, 40.9, 13.3, and 19 mg/l, respectively. The concentration of cyanide and zinc from the galvanizing department reached 60 and 80 mg/l. The remediation scheme included the application of in-plant control measures via changing the rinsing process followed by the destruction of cyanide and reduction of hexavalent chromium bearing wastes. The pretreated wastes were then mixed with other industrial wastes prior to a combined chemical coagulation-sedimentation using lime and/or lime in combination with ferric chloride. The results indicated that, after applying the waste minimization measures alone at the source, prior to final treatment of industrial waste, removal rates of cyanide, copper, nickel, and chromium concentrations were 23.2%, 14.9%, 32.3%, and 55.3%, respectively in the rinse water from metal plating department. Furthermore, the removal rates of cyanide and zinc in the galvanizing department reached 59.7% and 24.3. The integrated control measures and treatment scheme led to more than 99% removal of copper, nickel, chromium, and zinc, while the complete removal of cyanide was achieved in the final effluent.     

三峡库区巴阳移民新村库岸稳定性分析与塌岸预测

三峡工程全面蓄水在即,库水位周期性的变动必定引起大范围的塌岸。以巴阳移民新村库岸为例,选取典型剖面,根据饱和—非饱和渗流理论,应用GEO-SLOPE软件分析了水位变动条件下库岸渗流场变化,进一步分析了库岸稳定性的变化趋势,并选用卡丘金法和极限平衡搜索法对塌岸范围进行了预测。结果表明：在蓄水至145m1、56 m1、75 m及175 m骤降至145 m四种工况中,随着库水位的上升,库岸稳定性有下降的趋势,在库水从175m骤降至145 m时稳定系数最低,预测塌岸范围24.5 m和29.5 m,为移民区土地利用提供了科学的依据。     

Modeling of organic pollutant destruction in a stirred-tank reactor by ozonation

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＢｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｏｆｏｚｏｎｅ(Ｏ3) ,ｏｚｏｎａｔｉｏｎｈａｓｂｅｅｎｒｅｇａｒｄｅｄａｓａｐｒｏｍｉｓｉｎｇｍｅｔｈｏｄｆｏｒｄｒｉｎｋｉｎｇａｎｄｗａｓｔｅｗａｔｅｒｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ.ＡｗｉｄｅｒａｎｇｅｏｆｏｒｇａｎｉｃｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓｉｎｗａｔｅｒｃａｎｂｅｄｅｇｒａｄｅｄｂｙＯ3,Ｏ3ｃｏｍｂｉｎｅｄｗｉｔｈＨ2 Ｏ2 ｏｒＵＶｌｉｇｈｔ,ｗｈｉｃｈａｒｅｋｎｏｗｎａｓＡｄｖａｎｃｅｄＣｈｅｍｉｃａｌＯｘｉｄａｔｉ…     

生态资源破坏经济损失计量中概念和方法的规范化

本文研究了在生态资源破坏的经济损失计量中与概念和方法的规范化有关的问题。它们依次是：生态资源的多价值性及价值概念系统；用于生态资源破坏经济损失计量的两种计算结构；在资源价值型计算结构中生态资源破坏量和资源的单位功能价值的确定；在核算型计算结构中生态资源破坏对灾变的影响权的确定,以及生态破坏诱发的灾害对整个经济社会系统的冲击性影响。     

介质阻挡放电降解流动态二甲基二硫废气

采用介质阻挡放电等离子体技术(Dielectric Barrier Discharge,DBD)处理常压下流动态气体中的有机硫恶臭气体二甲基二硫(Dimethyl Disulfide,DMDS).研究了不同停留时间、进气浓度及外施电压条件下DMDS的转化,推导了DBD处理DMDS的动力学模型,并根据傅立叶红外(FT-IR)产物分析探讨了反应机理.研究结果表明,DMDS降解产物主要为CO2、SO2和H2O.在停留时间0.067 s、外施电压7500 V、进气量8.4m3·h-1的条件下,进气浓度为80 mg·m-3 DMDS的降解率达到64.3%,体积降解比量为2.26×10-2L·s-1·W-1,绝对处理量达到430 mg·h-1.     

镇雄、威信硫磺矿区生态破坏及其恢复工程措施

土法炼硫在镇雄、威信已有40多年历史。大量硫化物排放及矿渣污染造成严重的生态破坏。通过实施土地整治、炉渣堆场复垦、废弃地恢复、林业、水利水保等一系列工程将使矿区生态环境得到全面恢复和治理。     

通海县生态经济建设及制约因素

生态经济建设是实现我国可持续发展战略思想的一项具体措施。本文介绍了通海县从生态破坏到生态经济建设的历史过程及所取得的经验教训；分析了尚存在的制约因素，提出未来主要考虑重点建设的１０个方面。     

洱海东区湖滨带现状及生态修复

洱海是云贵湖区的一个重要淡水湖泊.近年来由于人类活动干扰的加强,造成洱海水质恶化、水生生态环境受到破坏,尤其是作为湖泊保护屏障的湖滨带,其生态结构破坏严重、生态功能退化,急需进行生态修复.针对洱海湖滨带的现状和主要环境问题进行了较为详细的分析,探讨了洱海湖滨带生态修复的设计分区、工艺流程和设计内容,提出了洱海东区湖滨带生态修复方案.     

遥感解译分析矿山开发对生态环境的影响

本文利用美国陆地资源卫星提供的TM，遥感信息，解译分析了鞍山市矿产开发对生态环境的影响。结果表明：鞍山市矿山生态严重破坏区域总面积6454．27hm^2。在此基础上提出了矿山生态重建对策及建议。     

Natural formation and degradation of chloroacetic acids and volatile organochlorines in forest soil--challenges to understanding

- DOI: http:/dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2005.06.262 Goal, Scope and Background The anthropogenic environmental emissions of chloroacetic acids and volatile organochlorines have been under scrutiny in recent years because the two compound groups are suspected to contribute to forest dieback and stratospheric ozone destruction, respectively. The two organochlorine groups are linked because the atmospheric photochemical oxidation of some volatile organochlorine compounds is one source of phytotoxic chloroacetic acids in the environment. Moreover, both groups are produced in higher amounts by natural chlorination of organic matter, e.g. by soil microorganisms, marine macroalgae and salt lake bacteria, and show similar metabolism pathways. Elucidating the origin and fate of these organohalogens is necessary to implement actions to counteract environmental problems caused by these compounds. Main Features While the anthropogenic sources of chloroacetic acids and volatile organochlorines are relatively well-known and within human control, knowledge of relevant natural processes is scarce and fragmented. This article reviews current knowledge on natural formation and degradation processes of chloroacetic acids and volatile organochlorines in forest soils, with particular emphasis on processes in the rhizosphere, and discusses future studies necessary to understand the role of forest soils in the formation and degradation of these compounds. Results and Discussion Reviewing the present knowledge of the natural formation and degradation processes of chloroacetic acids and volatile organochlorines in forest soil has revealed gaps in knowledge regarding the actual mechanisms behind these processes. In particular, there remains insufficient quantification of reliable budgets and rates of formation and degradation of chloroacetic acids and volatile organochlorines in forest soil (both biotic and abiotic processes) to evaluate the strength of forest ecosystems regarding the emission and uptake of chloroacetic acids and volatile organochlorines, both on a regional scale and on a global scale. Conclusion It is concluded that the overall role of forest soil as a source and/or sink for chloroacetic acids and volatile organochlorines is still unclear; the available laboratory and field data reveal only bits of the puzzle. Detailed knowledge of the natural degradation and formation processes in forest soil is important to evaluate the strength of forest ecosystems for the emission and uptake of chloroacetic acids and volatile organochlorines, both on a regional scale and on a global scale. Recommendation and Perspective As the natural formation and degradation processes of chloroacetic acids and volatile organochlorines in forest soil can be influenced by human activities, evaluation of the extent of this influence will help to identify what future actions are needed to reduce human influences and thus prevent further damage to the environment and to human health caused by these compounds.