110m3超大型步入式高低温湿热试验室技术特点

110m3超大型步入式高低温湿热试验室由国内设计制造,从产品的技术性能、结构、制冷系统、控制系统等方面介绍该试验室的特点.     

采暖锅炉房烟道噪声治理

本文分析了采暖锅炉房烟道噪声的来源并介绍了实用的控制方法。     

Emissions of intermediate volatility organic compound from waste cooking oil biodiesel and marine gas oil on a ship auxiliary engine

Ship auxiliary engines contribute large amounts of air pollutants when at berth.Biodiesel,including that from waste cooking oil(WCO),can favor a reduction in the emission of primary pollutant when used with internal combustion engines.This study investigated the emissions of gaseous intermediate-volatile organic compounds(IVOCs) between WCO biodiesel and marine gas oil(MGO) to further understand the differences in secondary organic aerosol(SOA) production of exhausts.Results revealed that WCO exhaust exhibited similar IVOC composition and volatility distribution to MGO exhaust,despite the differences between fuel contents.While WCO biodiesel could reduce IVOC emissions by 50% as compared to MGO,and thus reduced the SOA production from IVOCs.The compositions and volatility distributions of exhaust IVOCs varied to those of their fuels,implying that fuel-component-based SOA predicting model should be used with more cautions when assessing SOA production of WCO and MGO exhausts.WCO biodiesel is a cleaner fuel comparing to conventional MGO on ship auxiliary engines with regard to the reductions in gaseous IVOC emissions and corresponding SOA productions.Although the tests were conducted on test bench,the results could be considered as representative due to the widely applications of the test engine and MGO fuel on real-world ships.     

民用飞机油箱口盖抗低能量发动机碎片冲击适航验证技术研究

目的 依据适航条款CCAR25.963-e-1的要求,对民用飞机油箱口盖抗低能量发动机碎片冲击能力的适航符合性进行研究。方法 根据适航验证工作需要,制定了飞机油箱口盖抗低能量发动机碎片冲击的适航符合性验证流程,明确了适航取证需要考虑的油箱口盖范围和撞击角度,建立了发动机碎片有限元模型,开展了油箱口盖抗发动机碎片冲击的仿真分析与试验室试验。结果 仿真结果与试验结果对比分析后,二者基本一致,仿真分析基本能预测试验结果。结论 该仿真分析方法可供飞机口盖抗碎片冲击设计使用,该油箱口盖抗低能量碎片冲击适航符合性验证流程可供相似飞机适航取证参考使用。     

海洋平台主机烟气排放对直升机影响数值分析

目的确保南海A钻采平台直升机安全起降,直升机全年不可用概率控制在10%以内。方法通过Fluent软件数值模拟多工况、多风向风速下高温烟气在直升机甲板上方及周围空间的流动、温升及湍流分布规律,以CAP43-7标准所推荐直升机起飞和降落的安全原则为判定依据,分析计算温升和湍流对直升机起飞和降落的全年影响概率。结果综合得出直升机不可用概率理论值,M1工况为8%,M2工况为9%。结论模拟计算结果为平台主机烟管及直升机甲板布置方案的确定提供理论依据,为平台直升机起降操作起到指导作用。     

燃气发动机瞬态工况下NOx排放特征

NO_x排放控制是发展燃气汽车的核心问题.为获得增压中冷燃气发动机瞬态工况NO_x的排放特征,实验选取了6MK375N-50增压中冷燃气发动机,研究了不同转速、转矩、进气流量、进气温度及湿度对NO_x排放的影响.试验结果表明NO_x的排放随着转速的增加先升高后减缓,转速为1400 r·min-1时NO_x排放最高,转矩的增加也会使NO_x排放增加,随着进气流量的增加,NO_x排放量先增加后稳定,进气流量为180 kg·h~(-1)时NO_x排放最高,进气温度对NO_x排放也有直接影响,进气温度为31℃时NO_x排放最高,随着进气湿度的增加,NO_x排放水平降低,对试验结果的双因素方差分析得到,各影响因素对NO_x的排放影响均非常显著.对1400 r·min-1下各个工况对应NO_x进行拟合,变化规律符合公式y=a-b×ln(x+c).     

基于LabVIEW的焓差室监控软件设计

针对焓差室实时监控的复杂性,数据采集的多样性,基于LabVIEW设计了焓差室上位机监控软件,实现了上位机数据采集、计算、存储及监控。该软件能够实时采集数据曲线,查看历史记录,控制下位机,实时报警及计算空调器性能参数等功能。该界面设计友好,在线参数设定方便及扩展性强等优点,具有较高的实用价值。     

Effects of thermal barrier coating on the performance and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel produced from waste frying cottonseed oil and ultra-low sulfur diesel

In this study, the top surfaces of piston and valves of a four-strokes and direct-injection diesel engine have been coated—with no change in the compression ratio—with a 100 μm of NiCrAl lining layer via plasma spray method and this layer has later been coated with main coating material with a mixture of 88% of ZrO₂, 4% of MgO and 8% of Al₂O₃ (400 μm). Then, after the engine-coating process, ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) as base fuels and its blend with used frying cottonseed oil derived biodiesel in proportion of 20%, volumetrically, have been tested in the coated engine and data of combustion and performance characteristics on full load and at different speeds have been noted. The results, which were compared with those obtained by uncoated-engine operation, showed that thermal efficiency increased, and engine noise reduced. Cylinder gas pressure values obtained from the diesel engine which has been coated with thermal barriers have been found to be somewhat higher than those of the uncoated-engine. Also, maximum pressure values measured in both engines and under the same experimental conditions through the use of test fuel have been obtained after TDC. Moreover, heat release rate and heat release have occurred earlier in the coated-engine. NOx emissions were increased while CO and HC emissions were remained almost the same with a little bit decrease.     

Selection of optimum fish oil fuel blend to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions in an IC engine—A hybrid multiple criteria decision aid approach

The increasing demand on energy due to population growth and rising of living standards has led to considerable use of fossil fuels which has in turn, had an adverse impact on environmental pollution and depletion of fossil fuels in Internal Combustion (IC) engine sector. Alternative fuel blend evaluation in IC engine fuel technologies is a very important strategic decision involving decisions balancing within a number of criteria and opinions from different decision maker of IC engine experts. The selection of appropriate source of biodiesel and proper blending of biodiesel plays a major role in alternate energy production. This paper describes an application of hybrid Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) technique for the selection of optimum biodiesel blend in the IC engine. The proposed model, Analytical Network Process (ANP) is integrated with Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to evaluate the optimum blend. Here the ANP is used to determine the relative weights of the criteria, whereas TOPSIS is used for obtaining the final ranking of alternative blends. An efficient pair-wise comparison process and ranking of alternatives can be achieved for optimum blend selection through the integration of ANP and TOPSIS. The obtained preference order for the blends are as B20 > B40 > Diesel > B60 > B80 > B100. This paper highlights a new insight into MCDM techniques to evaluate the best fuel blend for the decision makers such as engine manufactures and R&D engineers to meet the fuel economy and emission norms to empower the green revolution.     

中国二氧化碳的边际减排成本与区域差异研究

测算二氧化碳的边际减排成本有利于评估区域碳减排潜力与成本,也是落实区域碳交易政策的重要依据。在多投入-多产出的生产效率模型框架下,本文采用二次型方向距离函数,研究了全国30个省份2000—2012年期间的碳边际减排成本及其差异的时空演化特征。二次型方向距离函数通过引用时间变量,反应环境治理的中性技术进步,因此研究方法能充分利用参数估计的灵活性。研究结果显示:1二氧化碳的边际减排成本平均约为1 519元/吨,远高于我国碳市场的交易价格,表明当前试点的自愿性碳交易政策是无效的;2区域碳边际减排成本的泰尔指数分解表明,东中西部地区的减排成本存在明显的地区性差异性,且随着时间的推进,碳减排空间逐渐变小。减排成本的地区性差异表明环境规制政策并不能保证各地区碳治理成本的边际均等原则,而利用政策工具,促使碳排放权从治理成本较高的地区转移至成本较低的地区,可以减少总治理成本,实现总量控制目标。本文建议:一方面,为实现国家碳减排的总体宏观目标,各区域要加强合作,相互借鉴成功的碳减排技术与经验等,在执行政策上,应尝试执行区域协同治理机制,努力降低总减排成本;另一方面,各区域在推进产业结构调整、城镇化及能源消费结构替代过程中要遵从循序渐进原则,避免碳减排成本过度波动,增加减排难度。