贵州兴仁煤矿废水灌溉区的土壤重金属污染评价及经济损失估算

本文选用污染损失率法初步估算了贵州兴仁煤矿废水灌溉区的土壤重金属污染损失率和重金属污染经济损失量。计算数据显示,环境污染所造成的经济损失约为339.58万元。研究区40%的土壤处于严重污染状态,呈现出R（As）〉R（Cu）〉R（Zn）〉R（Pb）的关系,综合污染损失率与元素As的单元素污染损失率表现出极高的相关性,反映出As是造成研究区重金属污染的主要污染元素。     

射频识别技术在放射源安全管理的应用

本文通过研究射频识别技术的工作原理和方案设计，讨论射频识别技术在放射源安全管理的应用可行性，可为放射源管理部门提供放射源信息的快速获取、综合存储、信息分析、分级管理等功能。     

贝叶斯理论在室内空气质量等级识别中的应用

利用贝叶斯理论在不确定性的表示、推理方面的优势,结合多传感器数据融合技术,以新装修居室的空气为研究对象,构建基于贝叶斯理论的室内空气质量等级的数据融合模型,并借助JAVA语言实现基于贝叶斯理论的室内空气质量等级方法。实验证明该方法正确可行,其计算结果稳定准确。     

用基于内容的Web图像搜索引擎设计消防电子化道路水源手册

介绍了基于内容的搜索引擎的体系结构和数据库结构设计,说明了检索匹配子系统的工作原理.将语义和图像间建立的初次联系用一张普通的Excel表表示.在消火栓编号、精确地址、辖区中队、能否出水、检查时间、检查人、形状、流量、压力及照片之间建立初次联系,存储在语义库中作为最原始的语义库,用网络蜘蛛自动遍历网站和网页,把所有相关图象或链接抓回来存入本地数据库.独创了先在本管区服务器中进行、后在大管区服务器中抓取的顺序,这种方法使检索精度得到了很大提高,而检索时间相应减少.经过综合测试,在消防电子化道路水源手册中,检索准确率为99.8%,大管区中寻找一幅含有消火栓信息的图片平均时间为2.38 s;局部管区中(对某一地级市)检索一幅图片所用时间为0.8 s.手册设计中,按照火场消防指挥员和战斗员的思维层次采用仿真思维法,语义描述同步考虑三维以上的语言向量,即某一目标靠何有名建筑物、靠何标志物、最近门牌号码等,如某一向量能准确锁定就不用考虑其他向量,如单一向量不能实现锁定就同步交叉锁定,取三维向量的交叉点锁定,成功率为100%.     

基于生态安全问题的生态保护红线管控方案

通过回顾生态保护红线的发展历程,结合官方最新发布的"生态保护红线划定技术指南",基于生态安全问题视角构建了区域生态保护红线管控技术方案.其要点包括：相关重要概念的界定须强调人类活动干扰的负面效应,以增强采用制度约束人类行为的合理性;重视资源环境及经济社会背景的地域差异性,并采用多尺度研究手段获取全面、系统的信息;以辨识、诊断生态安全问题类型、性质、特征为前提确立区域生态保护红线防范对象、管控目标,进而划分区域生态保护红线管控类型、划定其空间位置与范围;并在总结区域防控生态安全问题历史经验与教训、广泛吸纳社会意见的基础上,针对危害生态保护红线的生态安全问题提出科学可行、切实有效的应对方案.     

不同生长基质中叶状地衣共生藻的分离与鉴定

采用形态鉴定及基于ITS及rbcL序列构建ML系统发育树对采自云南省姚安县及南华县的10种叶状地衣中分离纯化培养的共生藻进行分析研究。鉴定结果表明5个编号分别为Z1、Z4、Z5、Z6、Z9的树生地衣共生藻样品鉴定为念珠藻目（Nostocales）念珠藻科（Nostocaceae）念珠藻属（Nostoc）;2个土生地衣共生藻样品Z2、Z10鉴定为四孢藻目（Tetrasporales）胶球藻科（Coccomyxaceae）胶球藻属（Coccomyxa）;3个石生地衣分离藻样品Z3、Z7、Z8鉴定为绿球藻目（Chlorococcales）栅藻科（Scenedesmaceae）链带藻属（Desmodesmus）。另外从地衣采集地及分子系统分析结果可以看出,尽管Z1、Z5、Z9分别是从采自不同区域（姚安县及南华县）的地衣中分离纯化的,但亲缘关系最近;同样Z4、Z6亲缘关系最近;Z2、Z10亲缘关系最近,Z7、Z8亲缘关系最近。所以地衣共生菌与共生藻的共生关系与其生存的地理区域关系不大,但却和其生长基质有明显的相关性。     

阿特拉津降解菌株的分离、鉴定及降解特性研究

通过贫营养原水曝气培养法,以SBR方式驯化和稳定运行2个月,分离得到1株能够降解除草剂阿特拉津的降解菌株,命名为L-6.在以阿特拉津为唯一氮源(500 mg.L-1)的无机盐液体培养基中培养96 h后,降解率达到89.2%.扫描电镜观察发现该降解菌株细胞呈长杆状.提取菌株的DNA,进行16S rRNA基因序列分析,并构建系统进化树.结果表明该菌株与GenBank数据库中多株Pseudomonas菌株16S rRNA基因的同源性在99%以上.结合生理生化检测,判断该降解菌为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.).碳源利用实验发现,降解菌株L-6可以利用葡萄糖、果糖和柠檬酸钠生长,不能利用蔗糖、乳糖和淀粉.环境因素对降解效率的影响实验表明,温度在30℃,初始pH 7～9条件下,降解效率最佳.     

皖南花岗岩重磁场特征及其圈定方法

本文对安徽省皖南地区重要花岗岩的重力(航磁)异常特征进行了分析研究,利用重力(结合航磁)资料对花岗岩体进行了识别和圈定,取得了较好的效果。     

Biodegradation of 2-naphthol and its metabolites by coupling Aspergillus niger with Bacillus subtilis

To explore biodegradation of 2-naphthol and its metabolites accumulated in wastewater treatment, a series of bio-degradation experiments were conducted. Two main metabolites of 2-naphthol, 1,2-naphthalene-diol and 1,2-naphthoquinone, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography with standards. Combining fungus Aspergillus niger with bacterium Bacillus subtilis in the treatment enhanced 2-naphthol degradation e ciency, lowered the accumulation of the two toxic metabolites. There were two main phases during the degradation process by the kinetic analysis: 2-naphthol was first partly degraded by the fungus, producing labile and easily accumulated metabolites, and then the metabolites were mainly degraded by the bacterium, attested by the degradation processes of 1,2-naphthalene-diol and 1,2-naphthoquinone as sole source of carbon and energy. Sodium succinate, as a co-metabolic substrate, was the most suitable compound for the continuous degradation. The optimum concentration of 2-naphthol was 50 mg/L. The overall 2-naphthol degradation rate was 92%, and the CODCr removal rate was 80% on day 10. These results indicated that high degradation rate of 2-naphthol should not be considered as the sole desirable criterion for the bioremediation of 2-naphtholcontaminated soils/wastewater.     

Source profiles of particulate organic matters emitted from cereal straw burnings

Cereal straw is one of the most abundant biomass burned in China but its contribution to fine particulates is not adequately understood. In this study, three main kinds of cereal straws were collected from five grain producing areas in China. Fine particulate matters （PMzs） from the cereal straws subjected to control burnings, both under smoldering and flaming status, were sampled by using a custom made dilution chamber and sampling system in the laboratory. Element carbon （EC） and organic carbon （OC） was analyzed. 141 compounds of organic matters were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrum （GC-MS）. Source profiles of particulate organic matters emitted from cereal straw burnings were obtained. The results indicated that organic matters contribute a large fraction in fine particulate matters. Levoglucosan had the highest contributions with averagely 4.5% in mass of fine particulates and can be considered as the tracer of biomass burnings. Methyloxylated phenols from lignin degradation also had high concentrations in PM2.5, and contained approximately equal amounts of guaiacyl and syringyl compounds. 13-Sitostrol also made up relatively a large fraction of PMz5 compared with the other sterols （0.18%-0.63% of the total fine particle mass）. Normal alkanes, PAHs, fatty acids, as well as normal alkanols had relatively lower concentrations compared with the compounds mentioned above. Carbon preference index （CPI） of normal alkanes and alkanoic acids showed characteristics of biogenic fuel burnings. Burning status significantly influenced the formations of EC and PAHs. The differences between the emission profiles of straw and wood combustions were displayed by the fingerprint compounds, which may be used to identify the contributions between wood and straw burnings in source apportionment researches.