三峡库区出露期消落带沉积物磷分布特征

为了揭示经历完整反季节干湿交替周期消落带沉积物磷的源汇转化趋势,分析了三峡库区出露期消落带沉积物中磷酸盐的分布特征及含量变化.结果表明,首次经历完整反季节干湿交替的消落带宏观上表现出沉积物总磷(TP)累积现象,但覆水沉积物TP>落干沉积物TP,表明夏季水库开闸放水排沙,且消落带夏季出露期降雨资源丰富,有利于出露消落带表层沉积物被冲刷排除.有机磷(Or-P)含量升高是导致首次经历完整反季节干湿交替的消落带沉积物总磷积累的主要原因.消落带反季节干湿交替有利于沉积物中活性较高的活性磷(Ac-P)、Or-P的累积,有利于相对稳定的闭蓄态磷(O-P)、钙磷(Ca-P)排出.     

SO2 emission cap planning for Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone

The SO₂ emission sources of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone were divided into 556 emissions units according to four different categories, which are city, industry, point sources, and area sources. The CALPUFF model was used to calculate the contribution of each unit, and consequently obtain an influence-transferring matrix. To ensure that the SO₂ concentrations of 46 cities and counties in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone meet air quality standards, an emission optimization model was developed to calculate optimal emissions of each emission unit under different development scenarios. The result showed the optimal emissions of SO₂ by different provinces and industries. To achieve the target of restricting and optimizing development, corresponding planning programs were developed for every district.     

黄河三角洲潮间带底栖动物群落结构分析及环境质量评价

2010年5月与8月对黄河三角洲湿地7个潮间带断面的大型底栖动物进行了定量调查,研究了其物种组成、生物量、栖息密度、优势种等群落结构特征,并采用大型底栖动物污染指数(MPI)对该区域环境质量进行了评价。调查中共获得大型底栖动物33种,隶属于软体动物(16种)、甲壳动物(9种)、多毛类环节动物(4种)、鱼类(2种)和腕足动物(1种);优势度指数较高,群落优势种较为集中,主要为光滑河蓝蛤、彩虹明樱蛤、泥螺、托氏昌螺、短文蛤、拟沼螺、双齿围沙蚕、日本刺沙蚕和四角蛤蜊;栖息密度和生物量分别为692.30/m2和658.94 g/m2,因季节及环境状况差异而不同;由MPI评价结果可知,黄河三角洲湿地潮间带总体为清洁和轻度污染,环境质量良好。     

王家庄地热田成因及地热资源评价

本文在分析湖北省通山县王家庄地热田区域水文地质条件的基础上,探讨了地热田的地热地质条件、地球物理特征及其成因,同时对地热田地热资源进行了评价,并针对地热田的现状提出了开发方案及建议.     

三峡库区典型消落带草本植物氮磷养分浸泡释放实验

三峡库区消落带植被淹水后腐烂分解,可能成为影响库区水环境安全的重要营养源.以三峡库区6种消落带优势草本植物茎叶为材料,利用室内浸泡模拟实验,测定上覆水中氮磷浓度的变化,结合初始基质碳、氮、磷含量分析,力图查明消落带草本植物淹水后氮磷养分释放特征.结果表明:①消落带植物初始基质碳、氮含量差异显著,而磷含量彼此相近.②消落带植物淹水分解造成上覆水pH升高,氧化还原电位(Eh)降低,氮磷养分快速释放和上覆水氮磷浓度增加,总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)释放量分别为(3.85±2.53)、(1.33±0.73)mg.g-1.消落带植物淹水TN和氨氮(NH4+-N)的释放过程呈抛物线状,TP呈对数曲线状.TN、TP的释放峰值时间平均15 d,NH4+-N平均33 d.养分释放量和释放速率均呈TN>TP>NH4+-N的特点,消落带植被经过3个月的浸泡,TN、NH4+-N和TP的释放负荷分别为:22.4、8.9、4.5 kg.hm-2.③植物初始基质的C含量越低,N、P含量越高,植物淹水后氮磷养分的释放量和释放速率就越大.     

沈阳东部生态功能保护区建设规划

综合调查分析沈阳市东部地区生态环境与社会经济概况,根据生态学原理与方法,应用遥感、地理信息系统和综合分析等手段进行生态功能保护区的规划,确定生态功能保护区的范围,同时对生态功能保护区进行一级分区和亚区分区及命名,并制定各类生态功能区的生态功能和保护措施,提出重点生态环境调控工程的规划建设,为合理保护自然资源、科学布局工农业与发展旅游产业提供技术支持,为区域可持续发展战略提供科学的理论依据,同时对开展小尺度生态功能保护区的规划具有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于surfer8.0的高密度电阻率法在水利水电工程灾害性评价中的应用

surfer8.0是一款画三维图的软件,结合高密度电阻率法在水利水电工程灾害性评价中的应用实例,验证了高密度电阻率法在水利水电工程中具有的可行性、有效性和实用性.     

Distribution of mercury in different environmental compartments in the aquatic ecosystem of the coastal zone of the Southern Baltic Sea

The aim of this study was to characterize mercury (Hg) contamination in the coastal waters of the Southern Baltic Sea, and to investigate transformations of Hg in the initial links of the marine food chain. Concentrations of Hg in water, particulate matter, plankton and macrophytes at various stations in the coastal zone (a bay with restricted water exchange, near an industrial city, river mouths, and the open sea) were measured in 2006–2008. Hg concentrations observed in the Southern Baltic varied greatly, showing the highest average values in all environmental compartments near the river mouths. In shallow, sheltered parts of the gulf, where water exchange is restricted, Hg concentrations in the water and in macrophytes were elevated relative to those in the coastal zone of the deeper part of the bay and in the open Baltic. Distance to the river mouth, terrestrial runoff, and quantity and quality of organic matter were more important than seasonal variations in controlling Hg and HgSPM concentrations in water samples. Mercury concentrations in the surface microlayer at the air/sea interface were over 10 times higher than those in the bulk surface water. Concentrations of Hg in macrophytes in the winter were significantly higher than those in the warm seasons (spring, summer, autumn). This was probably the combined effect of higher availability of Hg in porewaters and leaf growth inhibition.     

河流型水源保护区划分方法探讨

为了保障饮用水供水安全和公众的健康,我国对水源地实行保护区制度,但保护区的划分方法却不尽合理。文章以某一个河流型水源地的参数为依据,分别采用一维模式和二维模式计算保护区长度;同时说明了各种方法的优缺点和我国现行水源保护区划分方法中存在的问题:一维模型计算的长度太长,实际难以操作,二维模型计算不符合实际情况,我国现行规范方法参数难以选取等,并针对这些问题建议在不同的河段采用不同的计算方法,合理划定保护区长度。     

不同生态带下盐城滩涂湿地土壤颗粒和矿物结合有机碳特征

通过对比不同生态带下盐城滩涂湿地表层土壤中颗粒有机碳(POC)和矿物结合有机碳(MOC)含量与分布,探讨不同生态带下滩涂植被对土壤环境特别是土壤有机质组分分布及其累积的影响。结果表明:不同生态带的滩涂湿地表层土壤总有机碳(TOC)和总氮(TN)含量分布规律为:芦苇地互花米草滩盐蒿滩光滩,反映了盐城滩涂湿地土壤由海向陆土壤质地由砂到粉砂,最后为粘土的变化规律;互花米草滩对土壤有机质有着比光滩和盐蒿滩更高的富集能力,芦苇地的颗粒有机碳(POCf+POCo)含量为4.17 g/kg,互花米草滩的POC含量为2.14 g/kg,远高于盐蒿滩(1.92 g/kg)和光滩(0.31 g/kg)。互花米草的引种从有机碳物理分级组分上改变了TOC的分配,有利于提高土壤中游离态颗粒有机物、闭蓄态颗粒有机物的含量以及占土壤有机碳的比例。该研究能够为沿海滩涂湿地碳存储和固碳潜力以及评价和保护湿地生态系统提供一定的科学依据。