SME application of LCA‐based carbon footprints

Following a brief introduction about the need for businesses to respond to climate change, this paper considers the development of the phrase ‘carbon footprint’. Widely used definitions are considered before the authors offer their own interpretation of how the term should be used. The paper focuses on the contribution small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) make to the economy and their level of influence in stimulating change within organisations. The experience of an outreach team from the Engineering Department of a UK university is used which draws on the experience of delivering regional economic growth projects funded principally through the European Regional Development Fund. Case studies are used including the development of bespoke carbon footprints for SMEs from an initiative delivered by the outreach team. Limitations of current carbon footprints are identified based on this higher education‐industry knowledge exchange mechanism around three main themes of scope, the assessment method and conversion factors. Evidence and discussions are presented that conclude with the presentation of some solutions based on the work undertaken with SMEs and a discussion on the merits of the two principally used methodologies: life‐cycle analysis and economic input–output assessment.     

一种能同时固定CO2和N2的微生物——兼性固CO2、N2菌的分离鉴定及其验证实验

"温室效应"日趋严重,生物固碳特别是微生物固碳将发挥独特的作用.固定N2的微生物固氮菌和固定CO2的微生物固碳菌早已被研究和发现,但能同时固定大气中的CO2、N2并以CO2、N2分别为碳、氮源的微生物至今未见报道,本研究称之为兼性固CO2、N2菌.研究通过固碳菌、固氮菌培养基的优化组合出无碳、氮培养基(分别以空中的CO2、N2为碳源和氮源);通过无氮碳源的兼性固碳氮菌培养基进行分离,筛选分离到一株分别以CO2和N2为碳源和氮源.通过对该菌株的生长特性和固碳酶活性及固氮酶活性进行测定;利用PCR和琼脂糖凝胶电泳技术检测到该菌含有固碳酶RubisCO中cbbL基因及固氮酶nifH基因片段的特异性条带;对该菌进行对照验证实验证明该菌能同时固定空气中的CO2和N2并分别以CO2和N2为碳源和氮源;最后对其形态观察和16SrRNA全序列分析证明该菌株HSJ隶属于链霉菌.     

腐殖质对堆肥中高效降解菌的吸附与传输影响

以铜绿假单胞菌和枯草芽孢杆菌为对象,通过序批实验和柱淋洗实验考察了堆肥介质中的腐殖质含量对细菌的吸附、传输性能的影响.结果表明,随着堆肥介质中腐殖质含量从0.21mg/g增至4.38mg/g,两种细菌在堆肥颗粒中的吸附系数均呈现降低趋势,降幅分别为24.9%和22.7%;2种细菌的穿透率均明显提高,最大穿透率铜绿假单胞菌从0.141提高到0.234,枯草芽孢杆菌从0.254提高到0.348.说明,堆肥介质中腐殖质的存在能够减弱两种高效细菌的吸附性能,促进其在堆肥介质中的传输分散,且腐殖质含量越高,效果越好.     

解决经济发展与淡水资源紧缺矛盾的新途径研究--以青岛市黄岛区为例

随着黄岛区迅速成为青岛市新的经济重心,该区淡水资源的紧缺与经济发展的矛盾日益突出.解决该地区水资源紧缺问题除传统的通过挖潜当地水资源及外部调水途径外,加大对海水的利用及对中水利用也是解决该区水资源紧缺问题的重要途径.结合黄岛区分区规划对黄岛区在海水利用及中水回用方面的必要性和可行性进行了探讨.     

利用塑性介质挤胀成形三通管接头变形力的研究

此文对利用塑性介质挤胀成形三通管接头变形力进行了实验研究。设计了一套挤胀成形三通管接头的通用装置,并利用此装置进行了三通挤胀成形实验。此研究给出了影响成形过程的一些重要参数。将理论结果与实验结果进行了对比,两者吻合较好。     

组合介质的微生物富集效果及其去除太湖水源水中微囊藻毒素的研究

采用组合介质进行改善太湖水源地水质的中试研究.应用定量PCR分析发现组合介质上富集了大量具有溶藻能力的假单胞菌和芽孢杆菌,表明组合介质对太湖土著溶藻细菌具有良好的富集效果.微生物的空间分布解析结果表明,细菌总数、硝化细菌及溶藻细菌(假单胞菌、芽孢杆菌)的分布具有显著特征,在反应装置纵向的中段、出水端及垂直方向的中层,组合介质上的溶藻细菌等特定微生物在密度及活性上处于相对优势,这与微生物的功能、生长所需的微环境及基质条件密切相关.组合介质通过富集微生物改善了太湖梅梁湾水源地的水质,对总藻毒素TMC、TMC-RR、TMC-LR、胞外藻毒外EMC、Chl-a的平均去除率为64.8%、72.7%、62.9%、55.4%、30.1%.     

To enhance the reproduction of Phanerochaete chrysosporium by adding natural lixiviums in liquid medium

Great promotion to the reproduction of white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporlum by adding natural lixiviums such as from wood, maize core and potato in liquid medium was found in this research. Incubated in the liquid medium contained 10 mg/L glucose as carbon source with natural lixiviums for three days, the production of myeelium pellet reaches more than 80 g/L, which is 5 times more than that of without natural lixiviums. Incubated in the liquid medium contained 5 mg/L glucose as carbon source with natural lixiviums for three days, the production of myeelium pellet can reach 69.5 g/L, while the production in the medium without natural lixiviums is very low. When the liquid medium contained 1-20 g/L glucose as carbon source, the production of myeelium pellet in 3 d can only reach 12.5 g/L to 14.5 g/L. The fungus in the medium with potato lixiviums are easily contaminated by other microorganisms and in the medium with maize core lixiviums are easily bulking, while in the medium with wood lixiviums are neither easily contaminated nor bulking. Medium with wood lixiviums can produce more pellet than other medium, endure contamination and keep better sedimentation capacity. So that, wood lixivium is borer additive to the culture of white rot fungi in liquid medium. Addition of the mixture of wood, maize core and potato lixiviums is of advantage to the productian of mycelium pellet. The difference of the production in the medium with different amount of wood lixiviums showed little in the first 3 d, while it esnanded after 3 d. Wood lixiviums stimulate the growth of P. chrysosporium instead of supply organies which fungi need.     

不同厚度颗粒床的过滤特性研究

在能源生产等众多领域中,常常会产生大量有害气溶胶,为保护环境和人员健康,对这些气溶胶的过滤去除成为必须解决的重要技术问题。为了达到预定的过滤目标,满足工程防护的要求,文章在实验的基础上研究了不同厚度颗粒床对气溶胶过滤的影响。实验数据和理论计算结果均表明,随着过滤床厚度的增加,气溶胶粒子穿透率成指数规律减小,而过滤床单个颗粒的收集效率与介质厚度无关。过滤介质粒径越小,穿透率越低。     

浅议高纯铜锌合金滤材处理水中重金属的应用

介绍高纯铜锌合金滤材的特性和先进性，以及讨论了去除水中铅、砷、汞的机理，可应用的范围，应用现状及前景。介绍高纯铜锌合金滤材的特性和先进性，以及讨论了去除水中铅、砷、汞的机理，可应用的范围，应用现状及前景。     

四种填料充氧性能试验研究

在试验条件相同的情况下,对装有不同填料的四个反应柱进行了清水充氧性能试验及机理研究,试验采用氧总转移系数(KLa)、氧气转移率(dC/dt)、充氧能力(RO)、氧利用率(EA)、充氧动力效率(EP)五项指标进行充氧性能评价.研究认为填料能够显著提高曝气设备的充氧性能,与空白柱相比,浮石填料柱的5项评价指标均提高了31%,陶粒柱1、陶柱柱2和陶粒柱3则分别提高了7%、19%和17%,浮石填料柱的充氧性能明显优于其它填料柱.