Aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of Kaohsiung Harbour and adjacent coast, Taiwan

Surficial sediment samples collected from Kaohsiung Harbour and its nearby coast were analyzed for aliphatic hydrocarbons and parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). According to our results, the average total concentrations of n-alkanes (n-C₁₂ to C₃₅) and aromatics (15 PAHs) were 4.33 µg g^–1 dry weight (ranged 0.46–22.60) and 0.59 µg g^–1 dry weight (ranged 0.09–1.75), respectively. The highest concentrations of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons were recorded in stations near the estuaries of Qianzhen River and Love River, respectively. Aliphatic hydrocarbons in the samples indicate that there has been significant non-petrogenic, possibly terrestrial, contribution in the sediment of the open coast of Kaohsiung Harbour and that there has been dominant contribution from petrogenic sources in the sediment of the inner harbour. PAHs, detected in the samples, however, indicated a higher pyrolytic contribution in open-coast samples and a higher petrogenic contribution in the inner harbour. Overall, sediment concentrations of total alkanes in this study were comparable to those found in Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong and are higher than those found in Xiamen Harbour, China. Concentrations of total PAHs in inner Kaohsiung Harbour sediments were relatively lower than those found in Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong and Xiamen Harbour, China, but comparable to those found in Hsin-ta Harbour, Taiwan and Incheon Harbour, Korea. In comparison with several effect-based sediment quality guidelines, most PAH concentrations found in samples taken from inner harbour stations exceeded the Threshold Effect Level of Florida indicating a slight possibility of adverse effects.     

Distribution of actinomycetes in oil contaminated ultisols of the Niger Delta (Nigeria)

The distribution of actinomycetes in oil contaminated sandy loam ultisols of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria was studied to aid in understanding the effect of hydrocarbons on indigenous microbial population in tropical soils. The average total counts of actinomycetes in all the oil samples analysed was 103 cfu/g. Higher counts of actinomycetes were observed during the dry season than during the wet season. The counts of hydrocarbonoclastic actinomycetes correlated positively with the total count of actinomycetes.The actinomycetes were generally restricted to the top soil(0-10 cm soil depth) although a seemingly deeper(down to 40 cm soil depth) distribution was noticed in the dry season. The isolates included oil degrading species of Actinoplanes, Norcadia,Streptomyces and Streptosporangium. Their high oil utilization ability indicates their positive potential and role in the bioremediation of oil-spilled soils.     

Integrated nutrient management and waste recycling for restoring soil fertility and productivity in Japanese mint and mustard sequence in Uttar Pradesh, India

Supplementing the nutrient requirement of crops through organic manures plays a key role in sustaining soil fertility, and crop productivity and reducing use of fossil fuels. Field experiments were conducted for 2 years at two different locations (i.e. Lucknow and Pantnagar) in Uttar Pradesh, India. The objectives of the study were to assess the herb and essential oil yields of Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis cv. Hy 77), and its nutrient accumulation under single and combined applications of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers (NPK). Changes in physical and chemical characteristics of the soils (Fluvisols, Mollisols) were also determined. Eight treatments comprising different combinations of NPK through inorganic fertilizers and farm yard manure (FYM) were compared. The distilled waste of mint after extraction of essential oil was recycled to soils in the plots to supplement the nutritional requirement of the succeeding mustard crop (Brassica juncea cv. Pusa Bold). Herb and essential oil yield of mint were significantly higher with combined application of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients as compared to single applications. Accumulation of N and P was at par under full inorganic and combined supply whereas, K accumulation was higher with the former. Soil organic C and pH after harvest of mint did not significantly differ among the treatments, but the level of mineralizable N, Olsen-P and NH₄OAc extractable K were higher in soil with integrated supply of nutrients. Significant increase in soil water stable aggregates, organic C, available NPK and microbial biomass, and decrease in soil bulk density were observed with waste recycling over fertilizer application. These benefits were reflected in the seed and stubble yield of mustard which succeeded mint. This study indicates that combined application of inorganic fertilizers with organics helps in increasing the availability of nutrients and crop yield and provides a significant effect to the succeeding crop. Similarly, recycling crop residues reduces the need for fossil fuel based fertilizer, and helps in sustaining and restoring soil fertility in terms of available nutrients and major physical and chemical characteristics of the soil.     

PHBV表面疏水改性用作吸油材料的研究

利用多种表面改性剂对生物可降解材料PHBV进行了表面改性实验研究，测定了不同改性剂改性后PHBV的吸油率以及温度对其吸油效果的影响，并探讨了改性机理，研究结果表明：不同改性剂对PHBV的改性效果有所差异，从疏水和吸油的共同效果来看，最佳疏水改性剂为添加量5％时的硅油，温度对未改性PHBV和改性PHBV的吸油率及吸油速度均有影响。     

内河船舶油污染整治工程的治污效果评估方法初探

对内河船舶油污染整治工程的治污效果定量评估方法进行初步探索,给出了整治工程实施后的石油类排放削减量的计算公式,建立相应的水量和石油类水质模型进行水环境改善效果预测。最后应用该评估方法进行京杭运河徐扬段船舶油污染综合整治工程的治污效果评估,预测工程实施后的石油类排放削减量和水质改善程度,为该工程的实施提供科学依据。     

正己烷萃取—此外分光光度法测定矿井水中微量油

在进行矿井水中油类分析时，用正己烷作为萃取剂，以工作曲线代替标准曲线，从而使油平均回收率增加到96％以上。并在正己烷用量、水样预处理等测试参数选择上做了条件试验。     

高效原油降解菌和内循环3-PBFB处理油田采出水的研究

在物理化学处理的基础上添加了生物处理部分，即三相生物流化床（3-PBFB）处理油田采出废水。采取了利用高效原油降解菌及漂浮填料、悬浮填料的强化处理措施，使废水出水含油量达到3.5-4.9mg/L，达到国家一级排放标准。     

萜烷作为溢油指物（或指标）的研究

用毛细管GC-MS对溢油中的萜烷进行分析，结果表明，在一年多的风化过程中，作为溢油指示物（或指标）的萜烷及其比值参数，受风化影响很小。     

利用多次回归拟合水的饱和蒸气压与温度的关系表达式

在使用于湿球测定锅炉烟气含湿量的过程中,需要查找水的饱和蒸气压,非常不方便.利用D-196和<化工原理>上册中取得部分数据,用多次线性回归的方法,拟合出水在0～200℃范围内的饱和蒸气压与温度的关系表达式;并对该表达式的误差进行了分析,误差均值为0.2‰,最大值也只有0.8‰,完全可以满足环境监测中数据处理的精度要求.     

复合催化氧化技术对油气田压裂返排液的处理研究

酸化压裂作业废水是石油天然气生产过程中的主要污染源,它的污染成份复杂,有害物质浓度高,特别是含有胍胶和表面活性剂等高分子物质,具有高COD、高稳定度、高粘度的特点.本文通过对压裂液的来源、水质特征、治理现状等常用方法的分析,确定了物理化学脱稳,过滤、O3/H2O2复合催化氧化、深度氧化的达标治理工艺路线.经过处理后的压裂液澄清透明,达到国家二级排放标准(GB8978-96).