基于模糊熵和非对称贴近度的安全预警研究

针对道床漏泄严重导致道砟电阻和分路电阻发生变化、继而引起"红光带"与分路不良故障的问题,以ZPW-2000 A轨道电路为例,建立预警指标体系。采用模糊模式识别法对轨道电路状态进行预警。首先,计算各预警指标的隶属度函数和隶属度矩阵,利用模糊熵理论确定各预警指标的权重;其次,采用非对称贴近度原则对预警决策进行识别,以判决系统所属安全等级;最后,以长沙电务段新开铺站为例进行实例验证。结果表明,基于模糊非对称贴近度的轨道电路分路不良预警是可行的,其对轨道电路的安全等级划分更精细,故障预警更精确。     

Ignition advancement study for optimized characteristics of a raw biogas operated spark ignition engine

In the current investigation, raw biogas obtained from rural sectors was used as the alternative to gasoline fuel in the spark ignition (SI) engine. The performance and efficiency are mainly dependent on the combustion phasing for which “ignition timing” is an effective tool in a SI engine. Hence, the objective of the present work is to understand the effect of “variable ignition timing” for a biogas-fueled SI engine. For this purpose, a single cylinder, 4-stroke, SI engine of rated power 4.5 kW was operated with raw biogas at a compression ratio (CR) of 10. By maintaining a speed of 1650 rpm, the engine was operated in wide open (WOT) and part throttle (PT) mode with an equivalence ratio of 0.81 and 0.83, respectively. It was observed that the biogas fueled SI engine was found to be operative only within the ignition advance (IA) range of 33–47° CA bTDC both in WOT and PT conditions. The results showed optimal brake power (BP), brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) are achieved at 45° CA bTDC. The average peak cylinder pressure, neat heat release rate (NHRR) and mean gas temperature (MGT) are also observed to be maximum while CO and HC emission at this point of IA were found to be minimum. Due to controlled and complete combustion, CO₂ and NO_x concentration in the exhaust emission were found to be higher at this point of ignition timing.     

航迹误差对无人机坠地伤人风险评估的影响

为提高无人机(UAV)安全风险评估的精确性和置信度,在坠地安全风险评估过程中,考虑航迹误差导致的事故瞬间UAV位置和高度的不确定性,及其对坠地撞击点和撞击速度的影响,分析UAV坠地的水平位置误差和高度误差分布特征,确定UAV失效瞬间位置和高度,建立坠地撞击点预测模型,计算其坠地撞击速度,并以M210-RTK型UAV为例,分析不同航迹误差对坠地时间、地面撞击点位置和坠地动能的影响。结果表明:航迹误差作用下,坠地撞击点分布遵循正态分布特征;随着飞行高度的增加,航迹误差对坠地位置的影响逐渐下降,高度误差对坠地动能的影响呈先增后减的趋势。     

Potential of Pteris vittata L. for phytoremediation of sites co-contaminated with cadmium and arsenic： The tolerance and accumulation

Field investigation and greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the tolerance of Pteris vittata L. （Chinese brake） to cadmium （Cd） and its feasibility for remediating sites co-contaminated with Cd and arsenic （As）. The results showed that P. vittata could survive in pot soils spiked with 80 mg/kg of Cd and tolerated as great as 301 mg/kg of total Cd and 26.8 mg/kg of diethyltriaminepenta acetic acid （DTPA）-extractable Cd under field conditions. The highest concentration of Cd in fronds was 186 mg/kg under a total soil concentration of 920 mg As/kg and 98.6 mg Cd/kg in the field, whereas just 2.6 mg/kg under greenhouse conditions. Ecotypes of P. vittata were differentiated in tolerance and accumulation of Cd, and some of them could not only tolerate high concentrations of soil Cd, but also accumulated high concentrations of Cd in their fronds. Arsenic uptake and transportation by P. vittata was not inhibited at lower levels （〈20 mg/kg） of Cd addition. Compared to the treatment without addition of Cd, the frond As concentration was increased by 103.8% at 20 mg Cd/kg, with the highest level of 6434 mg/kg. The results suggested that the Cd-tolerant ecotype of P. vittata extracted effectively As and Cd from the site co-contaminated with Cd and As, and might be used to remediate and revegetate this type of site.     

新型内构式稀土磁盘废水处理器的研制与应用

针对轧钢废水中含有磁性铁氧化物 ,为使废水处理回用 ,研制了集预磁、磁吸、固液分离、自动清渣于一体的新型内构式稀土磁盘水处理器 ,并阐明了其应用的方法     

电动软轴式玻璃升降器导轨的设计及成形工艺研究

介绍了电动软轴式玻璃升降器的工作原理。针对某种轿车的玻璃升降器 ,介绍了升降器的机构约束方法 ,并用UGII软件对其运动过程进行了仿真 ,确定了玻璃升降器螺旋导轨的曲率及螺旋导程。由于螺旋导轨成形极其困难 ,对导轨的形状进行修改 ,将螺旋形导轨改为扭转的圆弧导轨。介绍了扭转圆弧导轨的几种成形方法     

垂直塔座椅弹射试验永磁涡流制动可行性分析

目的 针对传统垂直塔座椅弹射试验中采用刹车片制动所存在的试验准备时间长、效率低的问题,提出采用永磁涡流制动的方式进行制动.方法 通过理论计算和数值模拟,研究永磁涡流制动在滑车垂直坠落试验中定点缓冲制动的可行性,并在此基础上,优化永磁涡流制动系统中静子板的材料方案.结果 采用永磁涡流制动系统能够满足垂直塔座椅弹射试验对40 m制动距离的要求.结论 优化的静子板的选材方案为:高速制动段采用不锈钢,中速制动段采用铜镍合金,低速制动段采用铝合金.     

城市轨道交通项目主要环境问题简要分析——以哈尔滨市轨道交通一期工程为例

通常以电能为动力,采取轮轨运转方式的快速大运量公共交通总称为轨道交通.未来10年,中国城市、城际轨道交通建设里程将达到1200公里～1500公里,它意味着未来城市交通结构趋于合理,公共交通成为城市主导客运方式,交通拥堵状况得到缓解和改善.在不断发展的同时,城市轨道交通建设由于其本身的特点,其噪声和振动的环境污染越来越引起关注.本文分析该行业重点环境问题,有效的控制轨道交通运营中的环境污染,最大限度的减少对沿线环境的影响.     

Enhancement of radon exposure in smoking areas

Radium-226 is a significant source of radon-222 which enters buildings through soil, construction materials or water supply. When cigarette smoke is present, the radon daughters attach to smoke particles. Thus, the alpha radiation to a smoker’s lungs from the natural radon daughters is increased because of smoking. To investigate whether the cigarette tobacco itself is a potential source of indoor radon, the α potential energy exposure level contents of radon (²²²Rn, 3.82d) and Thoron (²²⁰Rn, 55.60s) were measured in 10 different cigarette tobacco samples using CR-39 solid-state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs). The results showed that the ^{222, 220}Rn concentrations in these samples ranged from 128 to 266 and 49 to 148 Bqm⁻³, respectively. The radon concentrations emerged from all investigated samples were significantly higher than the background level. Also, the annual equivalent doses from the samples were determined. The mean values of the equivalent dose were 3.51 (0.89) and 1.44 (0.08) mSvy⁻¹, respectively. Measurement of the average indoor radon concentrations in 20 café rooms was, significantly, higher than 20 smoking-free residential houses. The result refers to the dual (chemical and radioactive) effect of smoking as a risk factor for lung cancer.     

基本农田划定中的耕地立地条件评价研究

良好的耕地自然质量条件和稳定的立地条件是永久基本农田划定的重要基础条件.目前对基本农田的研究多偏重耕地自然质量条件评价方面,而对耕地立地条件研究较少,基本农田被频繁调整,稳定性差.论文以东港市为研究区域,在保障耕地自然条件良好,均一的基础上,从耕地立地条件角度探讨基本农田划定问题,由耕地区位条件因素和耕作便利条件因素构建耕地立地条件评价体系,采用指数衰减法等计算立地条件因素影响作用分值,利用相关性分析等数学模型分析立地条件因素对基本农田划定影响风险范围以及稳定区域,并以实证分析.研究结果表明:1)立地条件是永久基本农田划定的重要组成部分,对基本农田的稳定性影响较大;2)区位因素对基本农田划定存在一定距离的负向型影响,该距离内被占用风险较大,风险距离外区位因素影响为正向型,并呈同心圆状逐级衰减;3)辽宁省东港市立地条件评价结果分4个等级,其中1,2,3级耕地立地条件较优,面积为89 954 hm²,占耕地总面积的86.3%,区位较优,耕作便利,适宜划入基本农田.