Cultivating hybrid collectives: research methods for enacting community food economies in Australia and the Philippines

Across the globe, groups are experimenting with initiatives to create alternatives to the dominant food system. What role might research play in helping to strengthen and multiply these initiatives? In this paper we discuss two research projects in Australia and the Philippines in which we have cultivated hybrid collectives of academic researchers, lay researchers and various non-human others with the intention of enacting community food economies. We feature three critical interactions in the “hybrid collective research method”: gathering, which brings together those who share concerns about community food economies; reassembling, in which material gathered is deliberatively rebundled to amplify particular insights; and translating, by which reassembled ideas are taken up by other collectives so they may continue to “do work”. We argue that in a climate-changing world, the hybrid collective research method fosters opportunities for a range of human and non-human participants to act in concert to build community food economies.     

胶带运输机设备安全诊断的研究

根据胶带运输机实际应用情况 ,提出胶带运输机常见故障诊断及安全评估模型     

Mapping Human and Social Dimensions of Conservation Opportunity for the Scheduling of Conservation Action on Private Land

Abstract Spatial prioritization techniques are applied in conservation‐planning initiatives to allocate conservation resources. Although typically they are based on ecological data (e.g., species, habitats, ecological processes), increasingly they also include nonecological data, mostly on the vulnerability of valued features and economic costs of implementation. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of conservation actions implemented through conservation‐planning initiatives is a function of the human and social dimensions of social‐ecological systems, such as stakeholders’ willingness and capacity to participate. We assessed human and social factors hypothesized to define opportunities for implementing effective conservation action by individual land managers (those responsible for making day‐to‐day decisions on land use) and mapped these to schedule implementation of a private land conservation program. We surveyed 48 land managers who owned 301 land parcels in the Makana Municipality of the Eastern Cape province in South Africa. Psychometric statistical and cluster analyses were applied to the interview data so as to map human and social factors of conservation opportunity across a landscape of regional conservation importance. Four groups of landowners were identified, in rank order, for a phased implementation process. Furthermore, using psychometric statistical techniques, we reduced the number of interview questions from 165 to 45, which is a preliminary step toward developing surrogates for human and social factors that can be developed rapidly and complemented with measures of conservation value, vulnerability, and economic cost to more‐effectively schedule conservation actions. This work provides conservation and land management professionals direction on where and how implementation of local‐scale conservation should be undertaken to ensure it is feasible.     

张家界溶洞旅游资源价值评价与开发研究

溶洞是重要的旅游资源,开发得当可获得良好经济效益,否则便会造成不可逆的资源破坏。以张家界溶洞资源为研究对象,在对溶洞资源基本情况进行调查的基础上,对溶洞的景观价值进行定量评价,并提出溶洞开发措施,为张家界市溶洞旅游的可持续开发利用提供理论依据。     

System Dynamics to Sustainable Water Resources Management in the Eastern Snake Plain Aquifer Under Water Supply Uncertainty1

Abstract: Water supply uncertainty continues to threaten the reliability of regional water resources in the western United States. Climate variability and water dispute potentials induce water managers to develop proactive adaptive management strategies to mitigate future hydroclimate impacts. The Eastern Snake Plain Aquifer in the state of Idaho is also facing these challenges in the sense that population growth and economic development strongly depend on reliable water resources from underground storage. Drought and subsequent water conflict often drive scientific research and political agendas because water resources availability and aquifer management for a sustainable rural economy are of great interest. In this study, a system dynamics approach is applied to address dynamically complex problems with management of the aquifer and associated surface‐water and groundwater interactions. Recharge and discharge dynamics within the aquifer system are coded in an environmental modeling framework to identify long‐term behavior of aquifer responses to uncertain future hydrological variability. The research shows that the system dynamics approach is a promising modeling tool to develop sustainable water resources planning and management in a collaborative decision‐making framework and also to provide useful insights and alternative opportunities for operational management, policy support, and participatory strategic planning to mitigate future hydroclimate impacts in human dimensions.     

国外资源型城市发展与转型研究综述

资源型城市的建设与发展是一个世界性的普遍问题.目前我国资源型城市的持续、健康发展已成为全社会共同关注的焦点.为借鉴国外相关领域最新理论研究和实践经验,促进我国资源型城市的转型与可持续发展,本文以国外资源型城市研究中引用率较高的文献作为主要参考,结合一些新近发表的相关论著,对国外资源型城市发展与转型研究进行了系统的总结和分析.结果表明:国外资源型城市研究经历了理论奠基与初步发展、理论规范性研究、转型研究和可持续发展研究四个阶段,各阶段在研究背景、研究内容、理论基础、研究重点等方面具有不同的特点.进而开展国内外资源型城市研究的对比分析,发现它们在资源型城市的定义和范畴、城市特征、企业与城市关系,以及研究领域和研究传统、研究手段和研究方法等方面存在联系与差异.最后提出应从完善研究内容、改进研究方法等方面出发,构建符合我国国情和资源型城市特征的资源型城市发展与转型研究方法和理论框架.     

陇南长江流域经济发展和生态重建战略研究

陇南长江流域大多地处嘉陵江上游的源头地区，是一个资源较为富集但经济相对落后、生态环境脆弱且人口压力较大的丘陵山区。本文从可持续发展的角度出发，着眼世纪之交摆脱贫困与奔向小康转换时期经济发展和生态重建的协调演进，提出产业结构调整的基本思路是立足山区优势发展特色农业，市场配置资源、培植支柱工业，商贸、旅游并举、突出第三产业、强化基础设计、增强发展后劲；空间结构重组的战略构想是重点发展东部经８济重心区、     

Climate change and transdisciplinary science: Problematizing the integration imperative

In this article we critically examine the ‘integration imperative’ in transdisciplinary environmental science and build on social constructivist and political theories to suggest alternative approaches of knowledge co-production in transdisciplinary settings. Our argument builds upon a body of literature in social studies of science to cull insights about knowledge co-production, social learning, and the ecology of team science, particularly as it relates to climate change adaptation. Couched in this transdisciplinary literature, we demonstrate, is the assumption that integration necessarily can and should be a regulative ideal. We critique this assumption by examining the ‘messy’ politics of achieving consensus among radically different, and sometimes irreconcilable, ways of knowing. We argue that the integration imperative conceals the friction, antagonism, and power inherent in knowledge co-production, which in turn can exclude innovative and experimental ways of understanding and adapting to climate change. By way of conclusion, the final section explores three alternative models of knowledge co-production – triangulation, the multiple evidence-based approach, and scenario building – and illustrates their application in the context of transdisciplinary research in climate change adaptation in the arctic, focusing on alternative means of cross-boundary engagement with indigenous ways of knowing.     

生物多样性保护及其研究进展（综述）

由于人口的增长和人类经济活动的加剧，致使生物多样性受到了严重的威胁，引起国际社会的普遍关注．生物多样性是生物及其与环境形成的生态复合体以及与此相关的各种生态过程的总和，具有十分重要的价值，是人类生存的物质基础．各国政府和有关的国际组织积极投入到保护生物多样性的全球行动中．为了促进保护工作，国内外都开展了相关的研究工作．综观该领域的研究现状，可以看出以下７个方面已成为当前生物多样性研究的热点：①生物多样性的调查、编目及信息系统的建立；②人类活动对生物多样性的影响；③生物多样性的生态系统功能；④生物多样性的长期动态监测；⑤物种濒危机制及保护对策的研究；⑥栽培植物与家养动物及其野生近缘的遗传多样性研究；⑦生物多样性保护技术与对策．结合我国的具体情况，建议优先考虑以下４个方面的研究：①生物多样性的调查、编目与动态监测；②物种濒危机制及保护对策的研究；③生物多样性的生态系统功能与生态系统管理；④栽培植物与家养动物及其野生近缘的遗传多样性研究．     

突发事件应急准备体系研究进展及关键科学问题

本文对应急准备体系相关的应急准备概念、战略规划方法、系统组成与结构、能力评估、应急组织架构与运行模式、应急预案及培训演练、应急准备文化等7个方面的国内外研究现状进行了简要分析，并提出了应急准备规划理论与方法、应急准备系统结构、任务和目标能力、应急准备评估理论与方法、应急准备文化的内涵与特征等应急准备体系理论研究方面的关键科学问题。