清洁的胡椒基T醚生产工艺的研究I,5-丙基-1,3-苯并二氧杂茂的氯甲基化废水的处理

报道了胡椒基丁醚生产中５－丙基－１，３－苯并二氧杂茂的氯甲基化的废水处理，该废水经蒸馏可回收９４％的盐酸，此酸吸收氯化氢后浓度在３６％以上，可再用于氯甲基化反应。蒸馏残液经分油、Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ试剂处理和五次生炭柱吸附后ＣＯＤＣｒ等项指标均可国家二类污染物的一级排放标准。     

Sex‐specific and dose‐response relationships of urinary cobalt and molybdenum levels with glucose levels and insulin resistance in U.S. adults

Growing studies have linked metal exposure to diabetes risk. However, these studies had inconsistent results. We used a multiple linear regression model to investigate the sex-specific and dose-response associations between urinary metals (cobalt (Co) and molybdenum (Mo)) and diabetes-related indicators (fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and insulin) in a cross-sectional study based on the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The urinary metal concentrations of 1423 eligible individuals were stratified on the basis of the quartile distribution. Our results showed that the urinary Co level in males at the fourth quartile (Q4) was strongly correlated with increased FPG (β = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.17–1.04), HbA1c (β = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.09–0.54), insulin (β = 8.18, 95% CI: 2.84–13.52), and HOMA–IR (β = 3.42, 95% CI: 1.40–5.44) when compared with first quartile (Q1). High urinary Mo levels (Q4 vs. Q1) were associated with elevated FPG (β = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.17–0.75) and HbA1c (β = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.11–0.42) in the overall population. Positive linear dose-response associations were observed between urinary Co and insulin (P_nonlinear = 0.513) and HOMA–IR (P_nonlinear = 0.736) in males, as well as a positive linear dose-response relationship between urinary Mo and FPG (P_nonlinear = 0.826) and HbA1c (P_nonlinear = 0.376) in the overall population. Significant sex-specific and dose-response relationships were observed between urinary metals (Co and Mo) and diabetes-related indicators, and the potential mechanisms should be further investigated.     

Acid resistance of methanogenic bacteria in a two-stage anaerobic process treating high concentration methanol Wastewater

In this study, the two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system and batch experiments were employed to evaluate the performance of anaerobic digestion for the treatment of high concentration methanol wastewater. The acid resistance of granular sludge and methanogenic bacteria and their metabolizing activity were investigated. The results show that the pH of the first UASB changed from 4.9 to 5.8 and 5.5 to 6.2 for the second reactor. Apparently, these were not the advisable pH levels that common methanogenic bacteria could accept. The methanogenic bacteria of the system, viz. Methanosarcina barkeri, had some acid resistance and could still degrade methanol at pH 5.0. If the methanogenic bacteria were trained further, their acid resistance would be improved somewhat. Granular sludge of the system could protect the methanogenic bacteria within its body against the impact of the acidic environment and make them degrade methanol at pH 4.5. The performance of granular sludge was attributed to its structure, bacteria species, and the distribution of bacterium inside the granule. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2004, 24(4): 633–636 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

大型测控设备的接地系统设计与探讨

介绍了接地的目的和种类,针对大型测控设备对接地电阻值的要求,提出了区域面积受限的接地系统设计方案,并对接地电阻进行了详细分析、计算和比较,选出了合理的接地方案进行施工,竣工后对接地系统的接地电阻值进行检测,检测结果满足测控设备接地电阻的要求.     

化学降阻剂在山地环境中的应用研究

把山地环境划分为4种类型,并对各自的特点进行了分析.从导电机理和降阻机理两个方面分析了化学降阻剂的降阻功能,根据不同地质条件讨论了化学降阻剂的合理选择,并对化学降阻剂的应用方法和技术进行了研究,为山区防雷提供一定的参考价值.     

粉煤灰和生石灰对生活污水污泥脱水影响研究

通过比阻和泥饼含水率的测定,进行污泥脱水的粉煤灰(含粗、细)、生石灰投加实验。单独投加实验表明,在投量10g/100mL时,细粉煤灰(0.075mm筛下)能使比阻值降低91.8%,效果稍次于生石灰;且细粉煤灰降低泥饼含水率的效果最好。联合、单独投加对比实验表明,投量10g/100mL时,粉煤灰与生石灰以1∶1(质量比)联合投加降低比阻值达99.8%,效果好于二者单独投加;但联合投加降低泥饼含水率的效果不如单独投加粉煤灰,仅与生石灰的效果相当。     

有机污染物在多孔介质中的残留

土壤、地下水中的有机污染物主要以自由态、挥发态、溶解态和残留态等四种形态存在 ,其中残留态的部分是最难以去除的 ,残留量的多少是关系治理费用及治理时间长短的最关键因素。本文以柴油为代表 ,对地下水饱和区中有机物的残留进行了试验模拟 ,与非饱和区的残余饱和度进行了比较 ,揭示了饱和区中有机污染物残余的特点 ,并深入分析了其机理。结果表明 ,砂性介质中 ,地下水饱和区中有机污染物的残余饱和度显著大于非饱和区中的残余饱和度 ,因此可以有效地利用这一特性 ,通过降低地下水位使饱和区中部分残留态污染物转化为自由态 ,提高去除效率 ;与非饱和区中多孔介质粒径越小 ,残留量越大的特性相反 ,饱和区中测得的残余柴油饱和度随介质粒径的增大而增大。不同水位变动速度的试验结果表明 ,水位变动速度对粘性大于水的柴油的残余饱和度影响可以忽略不计。     

污染生态学的新发展—污染进化生态学

污染胁迫的最显著效应是消除敏感物种或个体，导致植物居群进化。突变是进化的原料，选择是进化的手段，隔离是进化的条件，控制抗性性状的基因因物种及污染物的种类不同而异，但也会出现植物同时具有对某两种或几种污染物的抗性，即所谓协同抗性；污染除使植物衰退外，还可能导致一些遗传信息丧失，使抗性种群内物种单一，降低其适合度，对其它环境胁迫因素的抵抗力下降，即所谓适应代价。     

热镀锌板表面钝化时的磷化工艺

热镀锌板表面钝化（铬酸盐钝化），主要是为了防止在使用过程中其表面被氧化。由于表面的钝化膜的存在。使得磷化工艺无法进行，从而影响涂装后涂层的附着力（铬酸盐钝化膜不如磷化膜附着性好）和耐蚀性能（铬离子不耐氯离子的腐蚀）。为了提高热镀锌板表面钝化后其表面的涂装性能，开发出一种适合上述条件的磷化工艺。     

甲基橙褪色法测定生活饮用水中余氯的探讨

在酸性介质中,余氯使甲基橙褪色,最大吸收波长510 nm,摩尔吸光系数A510=5.41×10-3 l/mol·cm,余氯质量浓度在(0.05～1.00) mg/l范围内遵守朗伯--比耳定律.对甲基橙溶液的加入量、样品溶液褪色后其吸光值的稳定性等方面作了条件试验,同时与邻联甲苯胺(OT)比色法和N,N-二乙基对苯二胺(DPD)分光光度法进行比对测定,结果表明三种方法测定结果基本一致.