载铁改性沸石粉体抑制甲烷/空气扩散火焰试验研究

为发展洁净高效新型粉体灭火介质,以沸石粉体为基体,采用盐酸活化和氯化铁溶液浸泡方法制备载铁改性沸石粉体灭火剂。采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X-射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)等仪器对该粉体灭火剂的结构和形貌进行表征。通过小尺度的杯式燃烧器试验研究载铁沸石粉体对甲烷/空气扩散火焰的灭火效果,并和未改性沸石粉体进行对比。试验结果表明,载铁改性沸石粉体灭火剂的灭火效能明显高于未改性沸石粉体。改性沸石灭火效能提高,主要是由于所负载的铁离子在火焰中转化为活性铁原子,参与清除火焰自由基的催化反应。     

气-固复合粉体在高原地区灭火性能的试验研究

为满足高原地区低压低氧环境对火灾防治的特殊需求,在拉萨进行模拟试验,研究由溴氟丙烯和13X沸石所组成的气-固复合粉体灭火剂对汽油火的灭火性能,并与平原地区的合肥的灭火效果进行对比。试验结果表明,在拉萨低压低氧的环境下,复合粉体灭火剂对汽油火具有很好的灭火性能。在同样的试验条件下,其灭火时间和灭火剂用量比合肥减少20%以上,说明该复合粉体灭火剂在高原地区有很好的适用性。     

抛光铝粉爆炸及ABC粉体抑爆特性的实验研究

为研究抛光铝粉的爆炸危险和ABC粉体的抑爆特性，在对实验粉体粒径分布进行分析的基础上，采用20 L粉尘爆炸特性实验装置，分别对不同铝粉尘浓度、不同抑爆剂浓度条件下的爆炸特性参数进行测试。研究结果表明:在实验条件下，铝粉的爆炸下限为45 g/m3＜C＜60 g/m3；随铝粉浓度增加，爆炸烈度呈现出先增强后减弱的变化趋势，在浓度为400 g/m3时爆炸烈度最大。ABC抑爆剂能够有效抑制铝粉爆炸超压和爆炸反应进程，随着惰性粉体浓度的增加，抑制效果愈加明显，爆炸逐渐减弱。当ABC惰性粉体的质量占比增加到50%时，相较单一铝粉爆炸，反应过程时间由72 ms增加至785 ms，爆炸最大压力、最大压力上升速率分别下降了61.7%，89.5%；当ABC粉体质量占比为53%时，铝粉被完全惰化，未发生爆炸。     

氯化钠/纳米疏水二氧化硅超细干粉制备及灭火性能研究

选用氯化钠为基体制备金属火灾超细干粉灭火剂。应用反溶剂法对其改性,使纳米疏水二氧化硅吸附在氯化钠晶体表面,其中分散剂为PEG-1000。结果表明,纳米疏水二氧化硅的添加有利于细化氯化钠颗粒,但过量的添加会起反作用,最佳用量为3 wt%左右,平均粒径为2.18μm。镁片灭火实验证明超细复合干粉的灭火性能明显好于传统氯化钠灭火剂(商用D类灭火剂),纳米疏水二氧化硅最佳添加量为3 wt%,此时灭火时间仅需传统灭火剂的一半。最后利用FDS5.0模拟干粉颗粒与燃烧火焰作用过程,模拟结果表明干粉覆盖对火焰具有一定的抑制效果,并分析了复合干粉灭火机理。     

矿井瓦斯控爆技术及材料研究进展

瓦斯爆炸灾害防治一直是我国煤矿安全研究的热点、难点。通过对国内外相关文献总结分析,从瓦斯抑爆装置、抑爆介质及抑爆机理3个方面综述了目前国内外矿井瓦斯抑爆技术及抑爆材料的研究现状,提出了未来的发展方向。研究结果表明:瓦斯抑爆技术的有效性和可靠性主要取决于抑爆介质的物理化学性质、控爆空间几何参数、爆炸特性参数和抑爆系统中爆炸探测方式等因素;结合瓦斯爆炸链式反应理论和探测技术的发展,研究应更多地关注抑爆过程的微观特性,揭示其详细的抑爆作用机理,为探寻新型高效、绿色抑爆材料提供更有力的理论支持。     

Plasma levels of androgens and gonadal development of breeders and helpers in the bell miner (Manorina melanophrys)

Plasma concentration of androgens and gonad development were studied in wild cooperatively breeding bell miners (Manorina melanophrys) of different age, sex and social status. Plasma levels of androgens increased with age of birds. For sexually mature (SM) bell miners, androgen levels were higher in breeders than in nonbreeding (NB) helpers (P < 0.005), and they were marginally higher in females than in males (P < 0.10). Thus female breeders showed the highest plasma levels of androgens. This pattern may be explained by an asymmetry between the sexes in the levels of competition needed to reach and defend breeding status; the degree of intra-sexual competition seems to be higher among female bell miners than among males. In general, male breeders had larger gonads than male SMNB helpers; male breeder gonads produced spermatozoa whereas most helpers' gonads did not. However, old (i.e. 34 months) SMNB male helpers had large gonads producing spermatozoa in spite of having low plasma levels of androgens. We suggest that young male bell miners may be under a voluntary mechanism of reproductive suppression perhaps favoured by inbreeding avoidance; although some aggressive interactions observed between very young helpers (about 2 months) and adult members of the breeding unit suggests that a certain degree of imposition also occurs at young ages. Older male helpers may avoid aggression with the male breeder and imposed reproductive suppression, hence the low circulating levels of androgens, but they have the potential to sneak extra-pair copulations. Gonad size decreased during the non-breeding season in both sexes.     

基于数据驱动的石化装置静态报警抑制策略研究

由生产状态变化引起的误报警频发,为解决现有针对基于状态报警的抑制方法缺乏完整性与定量分析的问题,提出了新的报警抑制策略。通过分析报警记录等数据库,对引起报警的生产条件进行结构化整定并量化,利用分类筛选与数据过滤找出基于状态的报警,再结合关联性分析和概率判断,建立了基于数据驱动的静态报警抑制策略。使用现场数据的试验证明了该方法的有效性。     

Experimental study on the inhibition of methane/air explosion by modified attapulgite powder

In order to explore the influence of attapulgite powder on the methane explosion, a small-size semi-closed visual explosion experiment platform was built, and experiments were carried out. The effect of spraying powder on the whole process of methane explosion was studied when methane concentration was 7%, 8%, 9.5%, 11% and 12%, respectively. When the methane concentration was 11%, the maximum explosion overpressure dropped by modified spraying attapulgite powder was as high as 33.26%, and at the same time, the reduction rate of flame propagation velocity reached the maximum value of 36.65%. Furthermore, when the methane concentration was 9.5%, the experimental results when the powder spraying amount of modified attapulgite was 120 mg, 160 mg, 200 mg, 240 mg and 280 mg showed that when the powder spraying was 240 mg, the maximum explosive overpressure decreased by 33.14%, and the reduction rate of the peak flame propagation velocity reached the maximum value of 33.73%. Through the video images recorded by the high-speed camera, the flame structure, shape, color, etc. Were analyzed. The characterization analysis illustrated that the modified attapulgite powder has a small particle size, relatively large porosity and specific surface area. Also, it has a high weight loss rate. Combined with the results of characterization analysis, the explosion suppression mechanism of modified attapulgite powder was discussed. It was found that the modified attapulgite powder could effectively absorb the active free radicals generated in the explosion, and the modified new chemical components have a better thermal decomposition and endothermic effect and a better suppression of methane explosions.     

细水雾对障碍物遮挡火源抑制作用的数值研究

以大涡模拟、混合物分数模拟和欧拉-拉格朗日粒子运动描述法为基础,采用火灾动力学软件FDS研究了细水雾对障碍物不同程度遮挡火的抑制作用,通过改变雾滴粒径、喷头操作压力来分析细水雾对不同遮挡情况油池火的抑制灭火作用。结果表明:当火源被障碍物完全遮挡时,操作压力低于1MPa,细水雾很难达到抑制作用,当压力达到4MPa以上时,细水雾能够将温度控制在较低范围内;细水雾粒径小于50μm时,细水雾对障碍物遮挡火有较好的抑制作用;从整体来看,随着细水雾粒径的减小、压力的升高,细水雾对障碍物遮挡火的抑制作用逐渐增强。