危险化学品活性反应危害及混配危险的规则研究(Ⅲ)

卤代烃活性概述 活性特点: 1.烃分子中的氢被卤素取代后的化合物称卤代烃,一般用(R-X)表示.X表示卤素(F、Cl、Br、I).按卤素所连接的烃基不同,可分为饱和卤代烃、不饱和卤代烃与卤代芳香烃;按卤代烃分子中所含卤素的数目,又可分为一卤、二卤、多卤代烃;按卤素所连接的碳原子不同,又可分为一级、二级、三级卤代烃.     

硝基节香烃废水处理技术研究进展

本文综述了硝基芳香烃废水处理技术的研究现状及在实际工程中的应用现状，这些技术的原理主要基于物理、化学、生物等方面的作用。同时本文还展望了此类废水处理技术的应用前景，采用生理处理及其他多种处理方法协同作用已成为发展趋势。     

污水处理厂芳香烃和氯代烃逸散速率研究

以哈尔滨某城市污水处理厂中的芳香烃(苯,甲苯,二甲苯)和氯代烃(三氯甲烷,四氯化碳三氯乙烯,四氯乙烯)为研究对象,应用不同的数学模型计算了在不同季节条件下其在格栅、初沉池、生化池(厌氧段和曝气段)、二沉池处理单元中的逸散速率.结果表明,芳香烃和氯代烃在生化池逸散速率最高,苯和三氯乙烯的逸散速率分别为1.92~5.22g/s和16.94~18.8g/s.芳香烃逸散速率不符合《大气污染物综合排放标准(GB16297-1996)》.芳香烃的逸散速率在生化池中下降很快,而氯代烃的逸散速率比较稳定.芳香烃和氯代烃在格栅的逸散速率最低,二甲苯和三氯甲烷的逸散速率分别为12.94×10-6~17.24×10-6g/s和1.88×10-6~2.58×10-6g/s.在沉淀池中,芳香烃和氯代烃春季逸散速率平均为夏季的1.7倍.春季二沉池苯、甲苯和二甲苯的逸散速率分别为初沉池的59.2%,53.3%和4.5%;而二沉池氯代烃逸散速率增加了13%.     

毛细管气相色谱法测定大气中的苯系物

大口径毛细管气相色谱法测定大气中的苯系物，采用活性炭吸附，二硫化碳解析，30m×0．53mm×0．88μmHP-1型大口径毛细管分离测定，苯的最低检出限为0．18ng。该方法分离效果好，灵敏度高，是测定大气中苯系物的理想方法。     

珠海市秋季大气挥发性有机物变化趋势和大气化学反应活性

为探究珠海市大气挥发性有机物（VOCs）的来源和影响,制定有效的臭氧控制政策,本研究利用在线气相色谱-质谱仪/火焰离子检测器（Online-GC-MS/FID）于2016年9-10月对珠海市大气中96种VOCs进行了测量,并分析了珠海市大气VOCs的组成特征、日变化趋势、来源及其对臭氧生成的贡献.研究结果表明：珠海市大气VOCs中烷烃的体积混合比最高,其次为芳香烃;烷烃、芳香烃日变化趋势明显,具有双峰特征;珠海市大气中丙烷、异戊二烯和芳香烃分别来自于液化石油气（LPG）、天然源和工业排放.通过反向轨迹分析发现,来自珠三角内陆地区的气团传输对珠海VOCs污染具有重要贡献,其对臭氧生成潜势（OFP）的影响主要来自芳香烃.VOCs活性分析表明,芳香烃和烷烃是珠海市OFP的最主要贡献者,其中甲苯、间/对二甲苯和乙烯是对OFP贡献最大的物种,因此控制人为源VOCs排放是未来珠海市臭氧污染控制的重点.     

离子液体改性活性炭对芳香烃的吸附性能

采用浸渍法和嫁接法分别将1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺盐（[Bmim]TFSI）、丙基三辛基鏻四氟硼酸盐（[P（C₃H₇）（C₈H₁₇）₃]BF₄）和丙基三辛基鏻双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺盐（[P（C₃H₇）（C₈H₁₇）₃]TFSI）负载于活性炭上。对产物进行了热重和孔结构分析,并以气相甲苯和二甲苯为代表物,研究了其对芳香烃的静态和动态吸附性能。研究结果表明：活性炭经离子液体改性后,能显著提高其对芳香烃的吸附性能;其中 [P（C₃H₇）（C₈H₁₇）₃]TFSI和[P（C₃H₇）（C₈H₁₇）₃]BF₄）浸渍改性活性炭的甲苯静态吸附量较大,分别为782 mg/g和777 mg/g （25 ℃,0.1 MPa）;[P（C₃H₇）（C₈H₁₇）₃]BF₄浸渍改性活性炭对于3种二甲苯异构体的吸附量最大,且排序依次为邻二甲苯>间二甲苯>对二甲苯。吸附动力学研究表明,在较高的甲苯初始浓度和较低的气体流量下,[P（C₃H₇）（C₈H₁₇）₃]TFSI浸渍改性活性炭具有更好的吸附性能。     

Phytoremediation for phenanthrene and pyrene contaminated soils

Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with phenanthrene and pyrene was investigated using twelve plant species. Plant uptake nd accumulation of these chemicals were evaluated. At the end of the experiment(45 d), the remaining respective concentrations of soil henanthrene and pyrene in spiked vegetated soils, with initial phenanthrene of 133.3 mg/kg and pyrene of 171.5 mg/kg, were 8.71-16.4 nd 44.9-65.0 mg/kg, generally 4.7%-49.4% and 7.1%-35.9% lower than their concentrations in the non-vegetated soils. The loss f phenanthrene and pyrene in vegetated spiked soils were 88.2%-93.0% and 62.3%-73.8% of the added amounts of these ontaminants, respectively. Although plant uptake and accumulation of these compounds were evident, and root concentrations and RCFs(root concentration factors; defined as the ratio of PAH concentrations in roots and in the soils on a dry weight basis) of these compounds ignificantly positively correlated to root lipid contents, plant uptake and accumulation only accounted for less than 0.01% and 0.23% of the nhanced loss of these chemicals in vegetated versus non-vegetated soils. In contrast, plant-promoted microbial biodegradation was the ominant mechanism of the phytoremediation for soil phenanthrene and pyrene contamination. Results from this study suggested a easibility of the establishment of phytoremediation for soil PAH contamination.     

烟气中芳香烃吸附脱除技术研究进展

芳香烃(Aromatic hydrocarbon)是大气环境中组成复杂、普遍存在的一类持久性有机污染物,其中多环芳烃(PAHs)和苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯(BTEX)等物质不仅能够参与光化学氧化物、酸雨的形成,同时还具有突出的"三致"效应,严重危害生态环境和人体健康。因此,控制烟气中芳香烃特别是PAHs和BTEX的排放已成为国内外大气和环境科学界共同关注的前沿热点问题之一。在烟气气态芳香烃的净化技术中,吸附技术以其在脱除效果、能耗和实用性等方面显示出的独有优势,已成为控制烟气中微量有机污染物最具潜力的技术之一。通过综合国内外近年来在利用吸附技术脱除烟气中芳香烃的研究,从吸附剂的选择、吸附过程的影响机理、吸附剂的改性以及数学模型等4个方面,阐述吸附技术在该领域的研究进展和未来的发展方向。     

小型乘用车内直链烃和芳香烃污染特征研究

文章依托美国EPA TO-15建立的罐采样-GC/MS测定环境空气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的方法,对重庆市在售的国产/进口各类小型乘用车内空气VOCs进行测定。分析结果表明,车内空气均存在不同程度的污染,TVOC浓度范围在0.20~50.80 mg/m3之间,均值为5.42mg/m3,约75%新车TVOC浓度大于5 mg/m3。检测出烷烃和烯烃等直链烃15种,芳香烃13种,并且芳香烃浓度明显高于烷烃和烯烃。在直链烃中,四氯乙烯及二氯甲烷的浓度最高,均值为0.235 mg/m3和0.208 mg/m3,芳香烃以甲苯居多,均值为0.58 mg/m3。80%以上的新车含有二氯甲烷、二氯乙烯、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、三甲苯及苯乙烯等污染物。     

Role of nutrients in the utilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by halotolerant bacterial strain

A halotolerant bacterial strain VA1 isolated from marine environment was studied for its ability to utilize polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) under saline condition. Anthracene and pyrene were used as representatives for the utilization of PAH by the bacterial strain. Glucose and sodium citrate were used as additional carbon sources to enhance the PAH utilization. The strain VA1 was able to utilize anthracene (73%) and pyrene (66%) without any additional substrate. In the presence of additional carbon sources (glucose/sodium citrate) the utilization of PAH was faster. PAH was utilized faster by VA1 in the presence of glucose than sodium citrate. The stain utilized 87% and 83% of anthracene and pyrene with glucose as carbon source and with sodium citrate the strain utilized 81% and 76% respectively in 4 days. Urea as an alternative source of nitrogen also enhanced the utilization of PAHs (anthracene and pyrene) by the bacterial strain up to 88% and 84% in 4 days. Sodium nitrate as nitrogen source was not able to enhance the PAH utilization rate. Phenotypic and phlyogenetic analysis proved that the PAHs utilizing halotolerant strain VA1 belongs to Ochrobactrum sp.