白腐菌和红平红球菌共固定化处理增塑剂废水

以赭曲霉死菌丝体为载体,吸附红平红球菌(Rhodococcus erythropo lisNG0402)和白腐菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporiumM E-446)的混合物,用聚乙烯醇作包埋剂进行共固定化。用制备好的共固定化细胞处理增塑剂废水,连续运行19d的结果表明,共固定化处理增塑剂废水的效果远好于单一菌的效果。在pH7.0、溶解氧质量浓度3.0m g/L、水力停留时间25h的条件下,废水中苯酚、COD和色度的去除率连续15d达到了90%以上,对苯酚的去除能力为2.16kg/(m3.d)。     

非灭菌环境投加染料时间对白腐真菌降解活性染料的影响

应用氮限制液体培养基(C/N=56／8．7)研究了非灭菌环境投加染料时间对白腐真菌Phanerochaete chrysosporium降解活性艳红K-2BP染料的影响．试验结果表明,纯培养2d和3d后,在非灭菌环境投加活性艳红K-2BP染料的体系脱色率与在灭菌环境投加该染料的体系基本相当,其5d脱色率在90％以上;而纯培养ld时在非灭菌环境投加染料体系的脱色率却只有8l％．引起纯培养ld体系脱色率降低的主要原因是活性艳红K-2BP对白腐真菌Phanerochaete chrysosporium的生长有抑制作用和反应体系感染了酵母菌．但是,如果纯培养延长至2d以后,由于白腐真菌菌丝体已在体系内占优势,尽管在非灭菌环境下还有酵母菌侵入,但它不会占优势,从而也就不会影响白腐真菌对染料的降解作用．因此,在氮限制液体培养基中,只要白腐真菌Phanerochaete chrysosporium在反应体系占优势,就可以适当缩短纯培养时间,提前在非灭菌环境投加染料,使白腐真菌Phanerochaete chrysosporium的培养和对活性染料的脱色同步进行．     

白腐真菌培养条件对其分泌木质素降解酶的影响

应用摇瓶试验研究了不同白腐真菌培养条件对其产酶的影响.通过控制不同转速、投加载体等方式考察了白腐真菌的产酶情况.结果表明,在悬浮培养方式下,转速为160r/min时获得的锰过氧化物酶最高(481.6U/L),其酶活是静置、120r/min条件下培养的65倍和43倍;投加载体后,载体固定化培养获得的木质素过氧化物酶酶活是悬浮培养的71倍,载体投加量对其产酶影响很大,只有当载体处于非浸没状态时才有利于酶活产生,否则酶活极低.因此,选择载体固定化—非浸没—振荡培养方式培养白腐真菌可获得更高的产酶量和酶活.     

Degradation kinetics of terephthalic acid wastewater with the hybrid strains constructed with Phanerochaete chrysosporium

The degradation kinetic parameters in terephthalic acid (TPA) wastewater for the hybrid strains of Fhh and Fhhh obtained through the protoplast fusion of the fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PC) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y99, and the native bacteria YZ1 were measured in this research. The highest level of the specific degradation rate for Fhhh and Fhh during 20h reaction were 0.2238 and 0.2163 h^‐1, which were higher than that of their three parental strains and that of the anaerobic bacteria reported. It suggested that the abilities of growth and degradation for Fhh and Fhhh in TPA wastewater were better than their three parental strains. They could create potentials for the purification of TPA wastewater with higher efficiency.     

Optimal parameters for Phanerochaete chrysosporium degradation of terephthalic acid wastewater

The optimal parameters for the degradation of pure terephthalic acid (PTA) wastewater by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium were investigated. The relative mathematical model, objective function equation, constraint equations, constraint conditions and computer program were established in the optimal method. The results showed that the optimal value of the reactor volume needed was 9798 m³. It could save 83.82% of the reactor volume, which was needed for the native bacterium YZ1. This optimal method is simple, useful and economical for average treatment plants. Using the optimal parameters and P. chrysosporium to design and operate the treatment process of PTA wastewater would increase the treatment efficiency and decrease the cost.     

活性黑对黄孢原毛平革菌锰过氧化物酶的影响

观察了活性黑KN-B(Reactive Rlack KN-B,RB KN-B)对黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)锰过氧化物酶(MnP)酶活力和菌丝超微结构的影响以及黄孢原毛平革菌对RB KN-B的降解.于P.chrysosporium培养液MnP酶活达最高前,分别加入质量浓度为50 mg/L,200 mg/L,350 mg/L和500 mg/L的RB KN-B.分光光度法检测培养液MnP酶活,电镜观察菌丝超微结构的影响,紫外-可见光谱法检测培养液中RB KN-B的降解.结果显示,1)与对照组相比,50 mg/L RBKN-B组的MnP酶活力增强,200 mg/L、350 mg/L和500 mg/L组的MnP酶活力均显著低于对照组;2)电镜观察显示,经RB KN-B作用后,菌丝细胞膜受损,细胞内含物减少,胞质浓缩,出现质壁分离现象,500mg/L组有大量细胞解体;3)紫外-可见光谱扫描显示,RB KN-B经黄孢原毛平革菌降解,可见光波段最大吸收峰由598 nm移至525 nm和556 nm,峰值减小,紫外波段的吸收峰由315 nm移至352 nm.结果显示,黄孢原毛平革菌对RB KN-B的反应类似机体对不良环境因子的应激反应,经历了诱导、抑制及衰退的过程;RB KN-B对黄孢原毛平革菌菌丝细胞超微结构的损伤随RB KN-B浓度增高而增强,表明RBKN-B对MnP酶活的抑制与黄孢原毛平革菌结构受损密切相关;黄孢原毛平革菌对RB KN-B具有一定的降解能力,其中MnP作为关键酶起了重要的作用.     

与黄孢原毛平革菌协同降解稻草的混合菌筛选

在纤维素筛选培养基中加入黄孢原毛平革菌稻草固态发酵的浸提液,用这种培养基从自然环境中筛选出与黄孢原毛平革菌相容的菌株,在PDA和MEA平板上进行相容性测试,选择出生长稳定,可以与黄孢原毛平革菌较好共存的6株真菌.考察了6株真菌分别与黄孢原毛平革菌混合培养降解稻草时的酶活和对木质纤维素类组分的降解,筛选出3组更优的组合,其混合培养时,对于纤维素酶能产生较好的协同效果,纤维素降解效果较好.对于木质素降解效率的显著提高,可能是由于发酵体系内的胞外酶和一些活性因子的作用.     

黄孢原毛平革菌降解磺胺甲噁唑的影响因素

采用摇瓶实验考察固定化培养黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)对磺胺甲噁唑(SMX)的降解效果并对抗生素降解条件进行优化。结果表明,黄孢原毛平革菌在固定化培养后对SMX的降解能力有所提高,10 d后培养液中抗生素去除率达到了100%,而游离培养液中去除率为74%。固定化黄孢原毛平革菌降解磺胺甲噁唑的较优碳源和氮源分别是葡萄糖和酒石酸铵,初始p H范围在3.0~5.0之间、培养温度为30~40℃时较适宜。黄孢原毛平革菌对磺胺甲噁唑的降解受碳源种类影响较大,而在限氮条件下氮源的差异对其影响较小。     

Construction of hybrid cell with Phanerochaete chrysosporium todegrade terephthalic acid wastewater (I) phenotype evidence

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菌种品系及VA对黄孢原毛平革菌降解两种染料的影响

黄孢原毛平革菌的不同品系与染料亚甲基蓝的比布列希猩红的浅层静培养表明，对于亚甲基蓝而言，ME-446降解能力最强，OGC101和BKM-F-1767相似；以比布列希猩红为底物，则OGC101最好，ME-446其次，最后为BKM-F-1767。虽然外源藜芦醇（VA）的补充在培养初期有利于染料脱色降解率的提高；但一周后，与不添加VA的样品比较，脱色降解率接近或相等。这说明菌的品系存在降解能力的差异，完整菌体自身合成的VA足以维持降解培养体系的正常运作。