氧化亚铁硫杆菌浸出废旧锂离子电池的工艺条件

考察了接种量、振荡条件、浸出液以及电池原料对氧化亚铁硫杆菌浸出废旧锂离子电池的影响.研究结果表明,浸出10 d,钴浸出率达到48.5%,之后,浸出率不再增加;当接种量在2.5%—12.5%之间时,钴浸出率在第10天都为47.6%,接种量对浸出率无影响;振荡过程中控制温度为35℃时,钴浸出率最佳,并随着振荡速率的升高而增加;浸出液中加入硫磺对浸出影响不大,初始pH值在1.5—2.5范围内,都适合钴酸锂的浸出,而初始亚铁离子浓度在45 g.L-1条件下浸出效果最好;选择固液比为3%最佳,并且钴酸锂粉末的粒度大小对浸出率无影响.     

回收废旧电池外壳聚丙烯的力学和耐热性能研究

社会经济的发展和生活水平的提高使得汽车保有量逐年增加,服役后报废汽车产生的废旧蓄电池也快速上升,报废的蓄电池给环境带来巨大压力。废旧电池外壳是聚丙烯,如何循环利用成为亟待解决问题。采用高抗冲共聚聚丙烯对其进行增韧改性,结果表明:当添加20%共聚聚丙烯后,缺口冲击强度提升39.2%,熔体流动速率降低了48.3%,在150℃进行热老化,300 h后表面没有明显变化,综合性能达到蓄电池专用料水平,同时为回收废旧蓄电池外壳聚丙烯材料的闭环回收提供了可行方案。     

锂离子电池火灾危险性研究

为解决锂离子电池在应用、运输中的火灾安全问题,并为锂离子电池火灾扑灭技术研究提供支撑,以钴酸锂18650型及大容量的聚合物锂离子电池为研究对象,通过开展针刺、短路、耐热等滥用试验寻求锂离子电池及电池组引发火灾的条件和因素。通过开展燃烧试验,分析锂离子电池的燃烧特点。试验结果表明:正极材料为钴酸锂的18650型锂离子电池自燃温度约为170℃,大容量的聚合物锂离子电池组在内部短路后,可能发生燃烧甚至轰燃现象且燃烧残留物温度高,易引发火灾;18650型锂离子电池在短路条件下会长时间持续放热,存在引发火灾的可能;单只锂离子电池燃烧后能够引燃相邻的电池,从而形成电池组的连锁燃烧反应。     

中国电池生产用汞量及潜在汞散失量估算

从含汞电池的生产与消费、单位电池含汞量的估算、电池生产用汞量及潜在汞散失量的估算3个方面,对1992～1999年我国电池生产用汞量和潜在汞散失量进行了分析。结果表明,1992～1999年期间我国电池生产用汞量先减后增再减,其中2个高峰分别为1992年的679.5t和1997年的974.3t;潜在汞散失量呈上升趋势,1999年达801.7t。因此,我国电池引起的汞污染问题不容忽视。     

Comparative sensitivity of 20 bioassays for soil quality

Increasing evidence suggests that the use of a single bioassay will never provide a full picture of the quality of the environment. Only a test battery, composed of bioassays of different animal and plant species from different trophic levels will reduce uncertainty, allowing an accurate assessment of the quality of the environment. In the present study, a test battery composed of 20 bioassays of varying biological endpoints has been compared Apart from lethality and reproductive failure in earthworms, springtails, nematoda, algae and vascular plants, these endpoints also included bioavailibility of metals (bacteria), heat-shock induction (nematodes, algae), DNA damage (bacteria, earthworm, vascular plants), β-galactosidase (Daphnia) and esterase activity (algae) and a range of immunological parameters (earthworm). Four chemicals (cadmium, phenol, pentachlorophenol and triflurahn) — each representing a different toxic mode of action — were applied in a dilution series (from 1 mg/kg up to 1000 mg/kg) onto OECD standard soil. The tests have been performed both on these artificially contaminated soil samples and on aqueous extracts subsequently obtained from these soils. The results show that the immunological parameters and the loss of weight in the earthworms were among the most sensitive solid phase assays. Esterase inhibition and heat-shock induction in algae were shown to be extremely sensitive when applied to soil extracts. As previously shown at the species level, no single biological endpoint was shown to be the most sensitive for all four modes of toxic action.     

Numerical and experimental investigation of state of health of Li-ion battery

ABSTRACT

Estimation of State of Health (SoH) of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is essential to predict the lifespan of batteries of an electric vehicle (EV). The efficient prediction of battery health indicates to the effective and safe operation of EV. However, delivering an effective and accurate method for the estimation of SoH in the real condition is truly a challenging task. The present study proposed a holistic procedure of combining both experimental and numerical investigations to conduct the fundamental study on coupled mechanical-electrochemical behavior of Li-ion battery. The proposed investigation highlighted the effect of stress on the capacity of the battery, considering capacity fade as an equivalent parameter to its health for real-time estimation of SoH. Finally, a simple model of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is provided, which shows the linear dependency of stress with the SoH. The results obtained from the ANN model are validated with a Linear Regression (LR) model for a better understanding of the inspection. The predicted value of mean Square Error (MSE) and R square error in the ANN training model are found to be 0.000309 and 0.849687, respectively. Whereas for the test model, these predicted values are found to be 0.000438 and 0.819347, respectively.     

锂离子电池火灾风险管控研究现状分析

为了研究锂离子电池火灾风险管控,本文对锂离子电池火灾的特点及诱因进行了分析,通过查阅国内外相关文献,对锂离子电池模型仿真技术、火灾防治材料以及各阶段安全评价的研究状况进行归纳总结。研究发现,对锂离子电池火灾进行评价时,评价对象较为单一,无法系统地对锂离子电池火灾进行风险管控,故提出将生物免疫机理引入对锂离子电池火灾的风险管控中,为实现锂离子电池的全生命周期安全管理提供了新思路。     

低压环境下不同三元圆柱锂电池热失控危险特性对比研究

为研究21700和18650新旧2型多用途锂离子电池在航空运输低压环境下的热失控特性差异,采用动压变温实验舱搭建实验平台开展实验。将实验环境压力设定为飞机巡航时的环境压力30 kPa,对比常压101 kPa,使用外部热源加热的方式触发锂电池热失控,利用热传播引发相邻电池热失控,分别从热失控温度变化特性、热释放速率和热解气体组分浓度变化进行分析。研究结果表明:能量密度更高的21700电池热失控峰值温度更高,高温危险性要高于18650电池,但触发热失控所需的热量更多,电池间热传播时间会延长;低压环境有利于降低锂电池热失控燃爆峰值温度,减小燃爆热释放速率,但会产生更多CxHy和CO等具有燃爆性的热解气体,可能会在有限空间内与氧气混合引起二次燃爆。     

用废铅蓄电池制备黄丹和红丹

以废铅蓄电池为原料,采用湿法、火法联合冶炼技术制备黄丹和红丹。该技术可靠、设备投资少、操作简单、无二次污染、铅尘处理效果好,且环境效益和经济效益显著。用该法制备的红丹产品,Pb3O4质量分数达到97．44％。     

分布式光伏-储能系统经济-碳排放-能源效益实证分析——以山东省胶州光伏及其储能系统为例

建立光伏-储能系统成本收益经济模型和全生命周期碳排放和能源分析模型,以静态投资回收期和内部收益率、碳排放强度和碳补偿回收期、能量回收期分别作为经济效益、碳减排效益和能源效益的评价指标,并以山东省胶州农村5,8,10,15kW光伏和11kW-h储能系统为案例,分析增加储能系统后的经济-碳排放-能源特征.案例表明,增加储能...