聚乙烯醇凝胶包埋固定化细菌联合植物的除氮研究

为了解聚乙烯醇(PVA)凝胶包埋固定化菌在富营养化水体生态修复中的效果,利用PVA凝胶包埋固定硝化和反硝化细菌并联合水芹(Oenanthe clecumbens)和蕹菜(Ipomoea aquatica)2种植物进行21 d的除氮试验。结果表明,加菌试验组TN、NH4+-N、NO3--N、NO2--N及TP去除率显著高于无菌试验组(P0.05);各试验组N的去除效率与添加PVA凝胶包埋固定硝化和反硝化细菌呈显著正相关(P0.05)。添加PVA凝胶固定硝化和反硝化细菌的蕹菜和水芹试验组植物的平均生长速率(RGR)分别为38.5和19.6 mg·g-1·d-1,而单纯蕹菜和水芹试验组RGR分别为29.9和9.5 mg·g-1·d-1。     

甲状腺激素脱碘酶在孕哺期十溴联苯醚(BDE 209)暴露致子代小鼠神经发育毒性中的潜在作用

研究孕哺期BDE209暴露对母鼠胎盘和子代脑组织甲状腺激素脱碘酶(deiodinase,DI)基因表达的影响,及其在子鼠神经发育毒性效应中的作用。将75只雌性昆明小鼠随机分为对照组、低剂量组和高剂量组,暴露BDE20910 d后,与雄鼠合笼,每组选取怀孕时间相近(相差不过2 d)的8只母鼠孕期持续染毒至子鼠断乳。采用实时荧光定量PCR检测孕17~18 d胎盘、出生后60 d子鼠脑组织3种类型脱碘酶基因相对表达;利用Morris水迷宫评价出生后60 d子鼠学习记忆能力;测量第2、16、30和60天子鼠体重,观察孕哺期BDE 209暴露对子代生长发育的作用。结果显示,BDE 209对子鼠出生时体重未见明显影响;出生后30 d,高剂量BDE 209暴露组雌性子鼠体重显著低于对照组子鼠体重(p0.05),而低、高剂量暴露组雄性子鼠体重均显著低于对照组子鼠体重(p0.05,p0.01);出生后60 d,BDE 209对子鼠体重影响不明显。BDE 209暴露能够显著延长出生后60 d雌、雄性子鼠逃避潜伏期(p0.05或p0.01)。BDE209暴露显著降低母鼠胎盘中3种类型脱碘酶(主要是DI-3)基因表达(p0.05或p0.01);同时,BDE 209暴露可诱导出生60 d后雄性子鼠脑组织中DI-1基因表达(p0.05或p0.01),抑制雄性子鼠脑组织中DI-3基因表达(p0.05);BDE 209暴露对出生后60 d雌鼠脑组织脱碘酶未见明显影响(p0.05)。研究结果表明,孕哺期BDE209暴露可能通过影响母鼠胎盘组织脱碘酶(特别是DI-3)基因表达,导致子鼠神经发育毒性效应-学习记忆能力障碍。     

Production of N2O in two biologic nitrogen removal processes: a comparison between conventional and short-cut nitrogen removal processes

The N2O production in two nitrogen removal processes treating domestic wastewater was investigated in laboratory-scale aerobic-anoxic sequencing batch reactors （SBRs）. Results showed that N2O emission happened in the aerobic phase rather than in the anoxic phase. During the aerobic phase, the nitrogen conversion to N2O gas was 27.7% and 36.8% of NH＋-N loss for conventional biologic N-removal process and short-cut biologic N-removal process. The dissolved N2O was reduced to N2 in the anoxic denitrification phase. The N2O production rate increased with the increasing of nitrite concentration and ceased when NH＋-N oxidation was terminated. Higher nitrite accumulation resulted in higher NEO emission in the short-cut nitrogen removal process. Pulse-wise addition of 20 mg NO2 -N. L- 1 gave rise to 3-fold of N2O emission in the conventional N-removal process, while little change happened with 20 mg NOS-N L-1 was added to SBR1.     

N2O emission from a sequencing batch reactor for biological N and P removal from wastewater

Nitrous oxide （N2O） is a greenhouse gas that can be released during biological nitrogen removal from wastewater. N2O emission from a sequencing batch reactor （SBR） for biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater was investigated, and the aims were to examine which process, nitrification or denitrification, would contribute more to N2Oemission and to study the effects of heterotrophic activities on N2O emission during nitrification. The results showed that N2O emission was mainly attributed to nitrification rather than to denitrification. N2O emission during denitrification mainly occurred with stored organic carbon as the electron donor. During nitrification, NaO emission was increased with increasing initial ammonium or nitrite concentrations. The ratio of N2O emission to the removed ammonium nitrogen （N2O- N/NH4-N） was 2.5% in the SBR system with high heterotrophic activities, while this ratio was in the range from 0.14% to 1.06% in batch nitrification experiments with limited heterotrophic activities.     

A/O脱氮工艺实时控制对策的试验研究

以人工合成废水为研究对象,系统研究了提高A/O(anoxic/oxic)工艺氨氮和硝酸氮去除效率的实时控制对策.氨氮控制的本质是通过控制DO设定值和好氧区体积大小使出水氨氮浓度达标排放.硝酸氮控制的本质在于高效利用缺氧区反硝化潜力,为此建立了以调节内循环回流量或(和)外碳源投加量维持缺氧区末端硝酸氮浓度处于设定值的实时控制对策.系统控制采用两级结构,高水平监控层用来选择低水平执行层的设定值,而低水平执行层对DO值、好氧区体积、内循环回流量和外碳源投加量进行直接控制,试验表明上述控制对策可以显著提高系统脱氮效率,降低出水氨氮和硝酸氮浓度,并最大程度节约运行费用.     

大型底栖动物对长江口潮滩沉积物-水界面无机氮交换的影响

基于实验模拟,通过对比分析潮滩无机氮长短期通量交换、循环规律及沉积物中无机氮的剖面特征在有/无底栖动物活动背景下的差异,探讨了双壳类底栖动物河蚬对长江口潮滩沉积物-水界面无机氮交换的影响及其机制.研究发现:潮滩无机氮界面交换中,河蚬的钻穴活动能增加向上覆水方向氨氮和硝氮的通量值;河蚬长期栖息对界面的生物扰动和代谢物排放能促进氨氮向上覆水的释放并逐渐加强沉积物氧化层中的硝化活动;界面附近河蚬的扰动和喷灌活动改变了沉积物中无机氮的垂直剖面特征,加速了沉积物中有机质的矿化分解和两相界面间氨氮的离子交换,促进沉积物氮库向滨岸水体的释放输出.     

生物法脱氮新技术及研究进展

生物法脱氮技术一直是水处理领域所关注的热点和难点。本文对几种近年来新研究的生物法脱氮工艺和理论基础做了简要介绍和分析,并评述了它们的研究进展和发展方向,为污水生物脱氮技术更深入的研究提供了借鉴。     

强化组织执行力全面提升HSE管理水平

目前,胜利石油管理局各二级单位按照管理局的总体部署和安排,正在建立与推行HSE管理体系,但通过对实施单位HSE管理情况分析,HSE管理水平并没有得到实质性提高.究其原因,关键在于员工的健康、安全与环境意识差、素质偏低,从而导致执行力弱,无法达到预期的HSE目标.     

六箱一体化工艺处理城市污水周期设置的试验

介绍了智能型六箱一体化活性污泥脱氮除磷工艺的运行方式及原理,并研究了周期设置对污染物去除的影响。中试研究表明,在泥龄13d和水力停留时间13h的条件下．当周期时间为16h时．工艺取得良好的脱氮除磷效果．出水水质可达国家一级A排放标准。     

某冶化公司焦化厂老生化系统改造实践

利用原有的生化脱酚池改造为A＋O＋A生物法,进行生物脱氮,效果很好,处理后的出水全部循环使用,不外排.