Prenatal exclusion of Hurler's disease by leucocyte α-L-iduronidase assay

Hurler's disease was excluded in a fetus at 23 weeks' gestation by demonstrating normal iduronidase activity in fetal leucocytes following failure of amniotic cell culture after amnic-centesis at 16 and 19 weeks' gestation. The diagnosis was confirmed in the neonate.     

煤沥青烟气对大鼠肺损伤及免疫功能的影响

采用自然吸入的暴露方法，通过分析肺灌洗液成分及脾脏淋巴细胞的转化功能，观察碳素厂冷压车间空气对大鼠肺损伤及免疫功能的影响，结果表明，在自然吸入染毒期间，引起大鼠肺灌洗液中乳酸氢酶、酸性磷酸酶和唾液含量或高，肺巨噬细胞及其Ｆｃ受体数降低，并且还引起脾脏淋巴细胞的转化能力下降。     

Neonatal lung function following mid-trimester amniocentesis

Three hundred and fifty-four women who underwent midtrimester genetic amniocentesis were matched for age, parity, indication, and smoking history, with an equivalent number of women who had declined the procedure, for the purpose of comparing the neonatal respiratory status of their offspring. There was no evidence that the infants exposed to genetic amniocentesis were compromised.     

某新建苯乙烯项目职业病危害预评价

目的 识别和分析该项目在生产过程、劳动过程和生产环境中可能存在的职业病危害因素及其种类,评估其产生的部位、强度以及可能造成的职业病危害及其程度,论证建设项目可行性研究报告中涉及职业卫生篇章的深度及职业病危害防护措施的可行性、有效性、合理性.方法 选择与本项目类似的工程作为类比项目,采用类比调查法和经验法进行评价.结果 本项目生产过程中可能产生苯、甲苯、乙苯、苯乙烯、噪声等职业病危害因素,属严重职业病危害项目.工程选址、总体布局、采光与照明等符合国家有关规定,具有较完善的职业危害管理措施,装置现场职业病危害防护设施及应急事故处理设施有待完善.结论 本项目在生产过程中可能产生的职业病危害是可以预防的,从职业卫生角度分析本项目是可行的.     

空气污染与儿童呼吸系统患病率的相关分析

 在流行病学调查和空气污染物监测的基础上，研究讨论了儿童呼吸系统患病率与空气污染之间的相关关系，结果表明，空气中细颗粒物（PM_2.5）和可吸入颗粒物（PM₁₀）与儿童呼吸系统患病率呈线性正相关关系，其影响比SO₂、Nox更密切．哮喘明显受颗粒物、SO₂、Nox的综合作用的影响．未感冒咳嗽发生率明显受细颗粒物和Nox污染综合作用的影响．     

医院传染病污水处理技术探讨

以杭州市第六人民医院的污水处理设施为例，阐述了医院传染病污水处理技术的基本思路，并进而探讨了其消毒参数选择和处理的经济性，总结了还存在的问题及解决途径。     

旅游踩踏对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷的影响

为了探明旅游活动对张家界国家森林公园土壤微生物活性及多样性的影响,保护土壤生态平衡及合理开发自然保护区提供理论依据,进行了旅游踩踏对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷的影响研究.结果表明,在所设的3个试验区中,0～5cm土壤层的微生物生物量碳、磷受到旅游踩踏的影响最严重,5～15cm土壤层的微生物生物量碳、磷受到旅游踩踏的影响较严重,而15～25cm土壤层的微生物生物量碳、磷受到旅游踩踏的影响最轻,旅游踩踏对所设3个试验区中3个层次土壤的微生物生物量碳、磷的影响均达到了显著水平(p＜0.05).从旅游踩踏对3个土壤层的微生物生物量氮的影响程度来看,0～5cm土壤层的微生物生物量氮受到的影响最严重,5～15cm土壤层的微生物生物量氮受到的影响较严重,而15～25cm土壤层的微生物生物量氮受到的影响最轻,背景区与缓冲区15～25cm土壤层的微生物生物量氮差异没有达到显著水平.说明张家界国家森林公园土壤微生物遭到了旅游踩踏的破坏,抵御外界干扰的能力已受到了旅游踩踏的破坏.     

A study on Se application for improving the soil in the environment at lower Se level

A result that application of sodium selenite or fly ash to some of soilin loess plateau can increase Se content in wheat grain has been demonstrated by the pot and field experiments, and added Se in soil can last its availability for 3 years. So this is a good measure for improving the low Se soils and preventing the Kaschin-Beck disease.     

Prenatal diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) in four high risk male fetuses

Prenatal diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) was performed in four male high risk fetuses. The male sex was previously determined by an amniotic cell karyotype. Three kinds of test were performed on fetal blood obtained by umbilical venous puncture under fetoscopy at the 20th gestational week: nitroblue tetrazolium reduction (NBT) cytochemical test with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) as activator; luminol enhanced chemiluminescence with activation by serum opsonized zymosan (STZ) or PMA; superoxide anion (0) production by measurement of the superoxide dismutase inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c with PMA as activator. Results were compared to those obtained in six fetuses investigated for other inherited diseases. In one case, absence of granulocyte defects was confirmed at birth. In three other cases, the tests showed deficient metabolic oxidative granulocytes. The pregnancy was terminated and the CGD diagnosis was confirmed on the products of abortion. The use of three different techniques performed on whole blood for CGD prenatal diagnosis is recommended instead of a single isolated test to ensure a higher confidence in the diagnosis.