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101.
All the regulations that define a maximum concentration of metals in the receiving soil are based on total soil metal concentration. However, the potential toxicity of a heavy metal in the soil depends on its speciation and availability. We studied the effects of heavy metal speciation and availability on soil microorganism activities along a Cu/Zn contamination gradient. Microbial biomass and enzyme activity of soil contaminated with both Cu and Zn were investigated. The results showed that microbial biomass was negatively affected by the elevated metal levels. The microbial biomass-C (Cmic)/organic C (Corg) ratio was closely correlated to heavy metal stress. There were negative correlations between soil microbial biomass, phosphatase activity and NH4NO3 extractable heavy metals. The soil microorganism activity could be predicted using empirical models with the availability of Cu and Zn. We observed that 72% of the variation in phosphatase activity could be explained by the NH4NO3-extractable and total heavy metal concentration. By considering different monitoring approaches and different viewpoints, this set of methods applied in this study seemed sensitive to site differences and contributed to a better understanding of the effects of heavy metals on the size and activity of microorganisms in soils. The data presented demonstrate the relationship between heavy metals availability and heavy metal toxicity to soil microorganism along a contamination gradient. 相似文献
102.
ABR处理硫酸盐有机废水的相分离特性研究 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
为了考察厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)处理含硫酸盐有机废水的相分离特性,采用有效容积为32L的五隔室ABR,通过为期132d的启动试验,研究了启动运行过程中各隔室COD和SO24-降解情况、VFA和S2-分布规律及颗粒污泥微生物相变化状况.结果表明,采用低负荷低增幅方式启动,在132d内成功启动ABR并达到稳定,COD和SO24-的负荷分别由1.5kg·(m3·d)-1逐渐提高到3.3kg·(m3·d-1)和由0.07kg·(m3·d-1)逐渐提高到0.18kg·(m3·d-1),COD和SO24-的去除率分别为95%和85%左右.各隔室COD沿程呈递减趋势,其去除主要由第1、4、5隔室完成,SO42-的去除主要由前面三隔室承担,前面三隔室的VFA和S2-浓度较高,到最后两隔室则急剧降低;随负荷的增加,承担COD及SO42-主要去除作用的隔室后移,前面三隔室的VFA和S2-最高点及最后两隔室的VFA和S2-的急剧降低位置也后移;各隔室的微生物经长期运行驯化后表现出良好的种群配合和高度的特异性,具有明显的产酸相与产甲烷相、硫酸盐还原相与硫单质生成相的分离特征. 相似文献
103.
Application of magnetic particles modified with amino groups to adsorb
copper ions in aqueous solution 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
A magnetic adsorbent can be easily recovered from treated water by magnetic force,without requiring further downstream treatment.In this research,amine-functionalized silica magnetite has been synthesized using N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-ethylenediamine(TPED) as a surface modification agent.The synthesized magnetic amine adsorbents were used to adsorb copper ions in an aqueous solution in a batch system,and the maximum adsorption was found to occur at pH 5.5 ± 0.1.The adsorption equilibrium data fitted t... 相似文献
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文章针对日照钢铁集团公司2150热轧水处理工程浊环水处理方案选择,对传统沉淀过滤法和先进的稀土磁盘法进行了对比和分析,稀土磁盘法在效果、占地、投资和运行维护费用上有较多优势,最终选用该工艺。 相似文献
107.
考察了高温条件下(70℃)牛粪堆肥、土壤、厌氧污泥、腐烂秸秆种接种物利用玉米秸秆水解液的产氢行为。结果表明:牛粪堆肥接种时达到最大的产气量(1355.7mL/L)和氢气产量(608.4mL/L),随后依次为腐烂秸秆、厌氧污泥和土壤。修改的Gompertz方程可以较好描述产氢量随时间变化趋势(R2>0.99)。牛粪堆肥接种时达到最大的产氢潜力(676.0mL/L),而土壤接种时的迟滞时间最小(9.8h)。DGGE图谱显示:不同接种物对应不同的微生物群落结构。Bacillus thermozeamaize,Enterobacter sp.JDM-19和Thermoanaerobacterium polysaccharolyticum strain,KMTHCJT和可能分别是牛粪堆肥,厌氧污泥和腐烂秸秆接种条件下的关键产氢微生物。 相似文献
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Harish Venkatakrishnan Youming Tan Maszenan bin Abdul Maji Santosh Pathak Antonius Yudi Sendjaj Dongzhe Li Jerry Jian Lin Liu Yan Zhou Wun Jern Ng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(4):875-884
A high strength chemical industry wastewater was assessed for its impact on anaerobic microbial com- munity dynamics and consequently mesophilic methane generation. Cumulative methane production was 251 mL/g total chemical oxygen demand removed at standard temperature and pressure at the end of 30 days experimental period with a highest recorded methane percentage of 80.6% of total biogas volume. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) analysis revealed that acetic acid was the major intermediate VFAs produced with propionic acid accumulating over the experimental period. Quantitative analysis of microbial communities in the test and control groups with quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction highlighted that in the test group, Eubacteria (96.3%) was dominant in comparison with methanogens (3.7%). The latter were dominated by Methanomicrobiales and Methanobacteriales while in test groups increased over the experimental period, reaching a maximum on day 30. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profile was performed, targeting the 16S rRNA gene of Eubacteria and Archaea, with the DNA samples extracted at 3 different time points from the test groups. A phylogenetic tree was constructed for the sequences using the neighborhood joining method. The analysis revealed that the presence of organisms resembling Syntrophomonadaceae could have contributed to increased production of acetic and propionic acid intermediates while decrease of organisms resembling Pelotomaculum sp. could have most likely contributed to accumulation of propionic acid. This study suggested that the degradation of organic components within the high strength industrial wastewater is closely linked with the activity of certain niche microbial communities within eubacteria and methanogens. 相似文献
110.