污泥驯化和共代谢对吡啶和苯降解特性的研究

利用瓦氏呼吸仪测定微生物耗氧量的方法,研究了焦化废水及其中难降解有机污染物吡啶、苯的降解特性,并对吡啶和苯分别与苯酚共基质条件下的可生化性进行了研究。结果表明,pH值为7.2时,焦化废水降解率最高;当浓度小于40mg/L时,吡啶和苯可以部分被降解,浓度大于60mg/L时微生物呼吸作用明显地被抑制;污泥驯化有利于有机污染物降解速率的提高。初步分析了共代谢降解焦化废水中难降解有机污染物的生理生化特性。     

含酚废水的Fenton试剂和光助 Fenton试剂降解研究

研究了在Fenton试剂和光助Fenton试剂作用下，苯酚降解的反应条件。研究结果表明。反应的时间、初始pH值、H2O2和Fe^2＋浓度对Fenton反应都有影响。常温下，当H2O2浓度为20mmol／L，Fe^2＋浓度为4mmol／L时，pH为1，反应时间为30min时，苯酚的转化率达到98％，矿化率达到65％以上。光助Fenton法可以大幅度提高含酚废水的降解率。     

一种耐酚菌种及其固定化细胞降解含酚废水性能的比较研究

通过对土壤及污水的采样、分离、纯化,得到了一种降解苯酚的菌种,经过一系列驯化实验,使其苯酚耐受能力达915 mg/L。在此基础上,利用正交实验,确定了该菌种固定化细胞制备的最优操作条件。之后,对游离细胞和固定化细胞的降解苯酚过程进行了动力学分析与比较。结果表明,2种类型细胞的降解苯酚过程均符合Monod模型,并且固定化细胞的降解效果明显高于游离细胞。      

苯酚贮备液稳定性的探讨

测定了长时间保存的１．００００ｇ／Ｌ苯酚贮备液的浓度和标样。结果表明此浓度的苯酚贮备液可在３年内保持稳定。     

高浓度酚水的湿式氧化研究

在1L高压釜中进行了高浓度苯酚水溶液的间歇湿式氧化实验研究。原水COD_cr为7804～87002mg／L,反应温度150～250℃,氧分压0．7～5．0MPa。结果表明湿式氧化对进水浓度的适应性强,有机物分解快。经30min氧化,COD_cr降低52．9％～90％,苯酚分解86％～99％。表观动力学分析表明反应速度与COD_cr和氧分压分别呈0．873和0．244次方关系,反应活化能为29．43kJ／mol。      

Influence of oxalic acid formed on the degradation of phenol by Fenton reagent

The objective of this work is to examine the influence of oxalic acid formed on the degradation of phenol by Fenton reagent. Oxalic acid formed at initial stage within 30 min significantly suppresses the reduction of ferric ion, thus terminating degradation reaction. The yield of oxalic acid is dependent on the amount of ferrous ion dosed since the minimal amount of oxalic acid is formed after the degradation reaction terminates. Mineralization of phenol by Fenton reagent stagnates after 120 min under the conditions used in this study. The reason why the mineralization stagnated can be assumed to be following two mechanisms other than the depletion of H₂O₂. In the case where a small amount of ferrous ions is dosed, the reduction of ferric ions is minimal by oxalic acid formed. In the case where a large amount of ferrous ions is dosed, the amount of degradable organic compounds is insufficient owing to preferential conversion to oxalic acid. The mineralization can be enhanced by the intermittent dosing of ferrous ions, which facilitates the suppression of oxalic acid formation during the degradation by Fenton reagent.     

Development,validation and application of a method to analyze phenols in water samples by solid phase micro extraction-gas chromatography-flame ionization detector

In this work the development, validation and application of method using Solid Phase Microexctration (SPME) for the analyses of five pollutants (phenol, 2-nitrophenol, 2,4-dimethylphenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 4-chloro, 3-methyl phenol) in supplying water, using gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detector (FID) is described. The optimal conditions obtained for SPME were: fiber type: Poliacrylate (PA); extraction time: 40 minutes; extraction temperature: 70°C; amount of salt added to sample (NaCl): 15%; desorption temperature: 8 minutes. The parameters studied in the method validation were: limit of detection (0.3 and 3.5 μ g.L^{? 1}); precision, measured by the variation coefficient (between 2.1 and 8.8%); calibration curve and linearity, by using the external standardization method (between 1 and 50 50 μ g.L^{? 1}). After the methodology development, samples of water collected in Atibaia River (São Paulo - Brazil) were analyzed, using the optimized methodology. Three water samples collected in the rain season showed a peak with retention time close to 4-chloro, 3 methyl phenol further analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for the identity confirmation. In spite of the fact that none target compounds were found in the river water samples analyzed, the presence of two phenols different from those investigated (p-terc butyl phenol; butylated hydroxytoluene) were detected. These results together with the results of the limit of detection (that showed to be lower than the maximum concentration of phenols demanded by different environment control agencies), and the results of the validation, indicate the applicability of this method for the analysis of selected phenols in river water samples.     

改进后的差示光度法分析低浓度挥发酚

应用差示光度法的有关原理及朗伯比耳定律的最佳适用范围,在光度计测量误差较小的最佳测量范围内测量样品的吸光值。结果表明对地表水挥发酚的检测,本法与４－氨基安替比林（４ＡＡＰ）萃取光度法相比准确度达到９５％,精密度良好。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定苯酚及其氯化中间产物

采用高效液相色谱法同时测定次氯酸钠氧化降解苯酚过程中苯酚及其5种氯化中间体,确定了检测波长,讨论了pH值对测定的影响。方法线性良好,苯酚、2-氯苯酚、4-氯苯酚、2,6-二氯苯酚、2,4-二氯苯酚、2,4,6-三氯苯酚的检出限分别为0．01mg／L、0．02mg／L、0．02mg／L、0．02mg／L、0．02mg／L、0．02mg／L,标准溶液测定的相对标准偏差≤0．8％,样品加标回收率为96．0％～102％。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定饮用水中酚类化合物

采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定饮用水中酚类化合物,优化了试验条件。方法在0 mg/L~40.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,14种酚类化合物的检出限为0.6μg/L~2.6μg/L,水样平行测定的RSD为0.2%~2.7%,加标回收率为96.3%~99.9%。