环洞庭湖生态经济圈生产性服务业发展对策研究

采用2008~2011年湖南省及洞庭湖生态经济区五大生产性服务业年末就业人数以及第三产业生产总值为基础数据,运用现状比较、地区产业相似度、相关系数等方法对洞庭湖地区生产性服务业的发展潜力、产业结构的差异程度及与GDP增长的相关性进行研究分析,发现洞庭湖城市群的生产性服务业已初步形成以岳阳为交通运输、仓储和邮政业、金融保险业中心、益阳为租赁和商务服务业中心,常德为生产性服务业补充的基本格局等特点,并针对对其集聚程度不高、新兴产业竞争力不够等特点提出完善集聚、建立产业链、推动创新加快转型等优化对策.     

辛置煤矿310轨道巷围岩破裂范围研究

辛置煤矿310轨道巷属于高应力软岩巷道,地质构造和岩层结构非常复杂多变。为了解该巷道的松动范围、塑性区分布和围岩破坏情况,采用U510非金属超声波检测仪,在辛置煤矿310轨道巷左右两帮合理布置检测点,进行现场松动圈测试。获得一系列测试结果,运用测试结果及围岩松动圈支护理论,可对310轨道巷支护提供理论依据。     

Goods in the Anthroposphere as a Metal Emission Source A Case Study of Stockholm,Sweden

The aim of this study was to quantify the diffuse emissionsduring use of metal containing goods in the capital of Sweden,Stockholm. The following metals were studied: Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Nickel (Ni) and Zinc (Zn).A major part of the metals are found in a protected environmentwhere degrading processes like corrosion are most limited. However, during the lifetime of some goods the metal release to the environment is significant. The quantitatively most dominant emissions were found for Cu and Zn. The tap water system and roofs/fronts (Cu) represent goods with large exposedareas but with relatively small release rates per unit. In contrast, brake linings, aerial lines and electrical grounding (Cu) and tyres, brake linings and chemicals (Zn) are allgoods with high release rates but mostly limited exposed stocks.High yearly emissions are also found for Pb, ammunition andsinkers dominate the calculated emissions totally. For Cr and Ni, stainless steel represent the major part of the stocks, butcorrosion was estimated to give only a minor contribution to the emissions. Potential emission sources, i.e. stabilisers,pigments and plated goods dominate the exposed Cd stock. Theseemissions were not quantified due to lack of data. Hg is currently phased out, but one major source of emission, i.e. the use of amalgam, will be continuously significant for several decades. The importance of the traffic sector is obvious. The emissionsfrom brake linings (Cu, Zn and Pb), tyres (Zn, Pb, Cr and Ni)and asphalt wear (Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni and Pb) are all of large importance for the total emission from respectively metal.     

环鄱阳湖旅游圈旅游经济联系与区域发展策略

旅游圈是推进区域旅游发展的有效载体,对区域内各地区间旅游经济关系产生重要影响。以资源主导型的环鄱阳湖区域为例,根据该区域旅游经济现状,以该研究区5个地级市所属的国家3A级及以上67个旅游景区为研究对象,从景区景观质量引力指数、旅游规模和交通可达性对传统引力模型进行修正,测度2003~2015年各地区间旅游经济联系强度及其演变情况,揭示环鄱阳湖区域旅游经济联系总量呈现出快速增长且联系紧密、区域差异较明显、交通作用逐渐增强等特征。在此基础上,提出构建环鄱阳湖旅游圈区域旅游发展的基本模式,以及圈内各地旅游经济联系的思路,形成多极核的网络化结构旅游圈层格局,并演进为区域旅游圈的一般结构模式,为推进区域旅游可持续发展提供借鉴。     

The relationship of place to substance use and perceptions of risk and safety in urban adolescents

Geographic and substance use data were collected from 301 urban adolescents to compare the perceived and observed risk and safety associated with their home and activity space locations (routine locations). The geographic characteristics of the neighborhood surrounding each location was summarized according to features theorized to be risky, such as criminal activity and alcohol sales, and features theorized to be safe, such as recreation centers and churches. Data on socioeconomic status, derived from U.S. Bureau of the Census data, were also used to characterize locations. Adolescents' homes were typically perceived as safe despite observed measures of risk such as density of crimes and proximity to alcohol outlets. This held for both substance users and non-users. Differences in geographic characteristics for safe and risky activity spaces were observed for both substance users and non-users, with non-users appearing to be more sensitive to the presence of risky characteristics in the environment than substance users. Results highlight the need and provide a methodology to collect fine-grained activity space data instead of relying only on home residence when attempting to represent place and health behaviors with urban youth.     

Understanding the anthropogenic phosphorus pathway with substance flow analysis at the city level

Excessive input of phosphorus into natural water bodies as a result of anthropogenic processes is an escalating factor that leads to eutrophication. Hence, quantifying the pathway of phosphorus throughout the socioeconomic system is essential for the selection of appropriate measures to mitigate phosphorus discharge. The study develops an analytical model of anthropogenic phosphorus flows within a socioeconomic system based on substance flow analysis. The model consists of five major subsystems: the phosphorous chemical industry, agriculture, animal feeding, human consumption, and waste management. The results show that the total input and output of phosphorus in Chaohu City over 2008 are 8517.70 ton (t) and 4682.76 t, respectively. The estimation of phosphorus discharged into local surface water is 544.22 t, which primarily comes from agriculture (391.99 t, 72.03%), followed by large-scale farming (55.70 t, 10.23%), rural consumption (56.81 t, 10.44%), urban consumption (30.42 t, 5.59%), and waste management (9.30 t, 1.71%). Intensive input of fertilizers in agricultural practices was identified as the most important source of phosphorus load on local surface water. Hence, we propose that the eutrophication of local water bodies could be addressed by optimizing local industrial structure, developing ecological and organic-based agriculture, and improving waste collection and disposal practices.     

Anthropogenic phosphorus flow analysis of Lujiang County, Anhui Province, Central China

Anthropogenic phosphorus load in the aquatic environment of Lujiang County, central China, may be a serious problem, greatly contributing to surface water eutrophication. Using substance flow analysis, this study develops a phosphorus-flow analytical model to trace the pathways of this limiting nutrient throughout Lujiang's socioeconomic system. The model includes six major subsystems: extraction, phosphorous chemical industry, agriculture, animal husbandry, human consumption, and phosphorous waste management. We conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses of the primary phosphorous flows and stocks within these subsystems in Lujiang County over 2008. Approaches to data include statistical reports and literature reviews, face-to-face interviews and questionnaire-based surveys. The results show the total phosphorus input and output were 8311.5 tons and 5664.6 tons, respectively, in Lujiang in 2008, resulting in a phosphorus surplus of 2646.9 tons in the socioeconomic system. The phosphorus load in the recipient waters, as part of the total phosphorus output, was estimated to be 1666.7 tons. Large-scale livestock operations contributed the most phosphorus to local surface waters, accounting for 55.8% and followed by human consumption (23.0%) and agriculture (21.2%). Consequently, it should be of central concern for policy makers to improve phosphorous reuse efficiency in order to reduce phosphorus release into the aquatic environment. Limitations of the methodology and data are also discussed.     

电网企业本质安全管理体系构建研究

为了深化电网企业本质安全管理,采用文献检索、理论分析、对比研究等方法,提出本质安全型电网企业和电网企业本质安全管理体系的概念,并分析其内涵特点;根据电网企业管理实际,借鉴优秀企业实践,研究提出构建本质安全管理体系的“圈层”模型;设计构建涵盖4大方面33项要素的国网江苏省电力有限公司本质安全管理体系框架;按照各层级、各直属单位的实际管控要求,策划提出构建1个“圈层”模型、1个建设规范、1套手册（省、市、县分层级）、1系列制度标准的本质安全管理体系落地路径;最后,以国网江苏省电力有限公司为例,提出关键要素的完善建议,对指引其持续提升本质安全水平具有一定指导作用。     

大型商圈安全评价体系及案例研究*

为整体评价大型商圈的安全性,结合公共安全科技三角形理论,从突发事件的危险性、承灾载体的脆弱性、应急能力3方面构建大型商圈安全评价指标体系,通过网络分析法和模糊综合评价法确定指标间权重系数,对大型商圈进行安全风险评价。结果表明:体系全面考虑了大型商圈安全风险影响因素及其内在关系,可为大型商圈安全评价体系构建和定量评估提供参考。     

废线路板处理工艺中持久性有毒物质环境释放特征

以江苏省某示范企业为例,对废线路板退锡和粉碎2个处理阶段的有组织、无组织废气以及废线路板处理余物中的持久性有毒物质(PTS)进行检测,并对其环境释放特征进行分析。结果表明,退锡阶段无组织废气中氯代二噁英类物质的浓度显著高于有组织废气,粉碎阶段有机和无机PTS浓度均高于退锡阶段,无机PTS的环境释放主要为悬浮颗粒物中的Pb、Cd、Cr及其化合物。通过PTS物质流分析可知,无机PTS释放质量分数(0. 0%～22. 0%)高于有机PTS释放质量分数(0. 0%～1. 0%),在金属和非金属粉末中含有大量的有机PTS。提出,采用自动化设施,减少工人的车间工作时间,降低其职业暴露风险,并关注废线路板处理余物的后续使用与处理。