硝酸异辛酯热安定性的实验研究

使用加速量热仪(ARC)研究硝酸异辛酯(EHN)的热分解,得到热分解温度随时间的变化曲线,自放热速率、分解压力随温度的变化曲线以及分解压力随升温速率的变化曲线。分析在绝热条件下硝酸异辛酯的热分解反应动力学和热分解过程,计算表观活化能、指前因子和反应热等参数。根据绝热热分解的起始温度和反应热数据,给出硝酸异辛酯在反应危险度等级中的分类,并计算在75℃时的反应风险指数。     

循环冷却水浓缩倍率对凝汽器管路的腐蚀和结垢趋势

利用水质判断指数来预测不同循环冷却水浓缩倍率下水的结垢趋势，确定形成最佳碳酸钙保护膜所对应的浓缩倍率，以达到最经济的防止循环冷却水系统腐蚀和结垢的目的.     

Industrial experience of process identification and set-point decision algorithm in a full-scale treatment plant

This paper presents industrial experience of process identification, monitoring, and control in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant. The objectives of this study were (1) to apply and compare different process-identification methods of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) autotuning for stable dissolved oxygen (DO) control, (2) to implement a process monitoring method that estimates the respiration rate simultaneously during the process-identification step, and (3) to propose a simple set-point decision algorithm for determining the appropriate set point of the DO controller for optimal operation of the aeration basin. The proposed method was evaluated in the industrial wastewater treatment facility of an iron- and steel-making plant. Among the process-identification methods, the control signal of the controller's set-point change was best for identifying low-frequency information and enhancing the robustness to low-frequency disturbances. Combined automatic control and set-point decision method reduced the total electricity consumption by 5% and the electricity cost by 15% compared to the fixed gain PID controller, when considering only the surface aerators. Moreover, as a result of improved control performance, the fluctuation of effluent quality decreased and overall effluent water quality was better.     

活性污泥系统中自养菌浓度及生长动力学参数测定

利用批式呼吸计量法测定了实际污水处理厂厌氧/缺氧/好氧工艺和小试装置厌氧/好氧工艺好氧池内自养菌（X_A）的浓度及其最大比生长速率常数(μ_A)。结果表明，活性污泥系统中X_A与混合液挥发性悬浮固体的比例为1.60%～2.34%，μ_A实测值为0.69～0.76 d^-1，测定结果有较好的重现性，且与文献值非常接近，说明该方法具有较高的准确度和精密度。     

徐州市近年来大气硫酸盐化速率的时空变化研究

硫酸盐化速率反映大气中二氧化硫及硫的化合物的污染状况，文章以徐州市区11年大气中硫酸盐化速率监测数据为依据，分析研究了煤烟型城市环境空气中硫酸盐化速率的变化规律及污染状况。结果表明：徐州市硫酸盐化速率变化有明显的时空特征，与环境空气质量也密切相关。提出削减污染源，加快清洁能源推广步伐，完善城市规划，进行产业结构调整是解决徐州市大气污染的有效途径。     

矿质营养对荔枝裂果率的影响

通过对糯米糍荔枝叶片、果皮、土壤中矿质元素含量的研究，探讨矿质营养对荔枝裂果率的影响。初步探明糯米糍荔枝叶片中的钙、镁、硼含量，果皮中的氮钾比，以及土壤中的N/K比、有机质、交换性钙含量影响其裂果率。     

改性玉米秸秆吸附去除废水中四环素的研究

应用平衡吸附法，研究了不同投加量（改性玉米秸秆）、温度及pH条件下，改性玉米秸秆对水体中四环素的吸附作用，并利用等温曲线及吸附动力学方程对试验结果进行了拟合。结果表明：在吸附剂用量0．4g，温度30℃，振荡时间30min，pH值7的条件下，对水体中四环素浓度为50．136mg／L的吸附率可达93．4％。四环素废水吸附均符合Langmuir及Freundlich等温模式。但Langmuir方程拟合得较好，Elovich方程能更好地拟舍改性玉米秸秆对水体中四环素的吸附动力学曲线。     

介质阻挡放电等离子体技术处理难降解有机废水的研究进展

综述了介质阻挡放电(DBD)等离子体技术处理难降解有机废水的国内外研究现状以及最新研究成果.概括出DBD等离子体处理难降解有机废水的影响因素和一般性结论;从微观和宏观两个方面总结和分析了DBD等离子体处理难降解有机废水的作用机理;探讨了DBD等离子体技术处理难降解有机废水的技术瓶颈以及发展方向.     

曝气量和曝气时长对好氧颗粒污泥活性恢复的影响

采用啤酒废水,在SBR中对在4℃的冰箱中储存8周的好氧颗粒污泥进行活性恢复。设置曝气时长分别为150 min和270 min,曝气量分别为0.1 m3/h和0.2 m3/h,考察了曝气时长和曝气量对好氧颗粒污泥活性恢复的影响。实验结果表明,好氧颗粒污泥在4℃冰箱中储存8周后,其颜色、粒径无明显变化;设置较长曝气时间(270 min)、较大曝气量(0.2 m3/h)时,颗粒污泥平均沉降速率、MLSS和SVI恢复最快,且对COD处理效果也恢复较快。而短曝气时间(150 min)、小曝气量(0.1 m3/h)有利于好氧颗粒污泥对氨氮去除效果的恢复。     

A freshwater amphipod toxicity test based on postexposure feeding and the population consumption inhibitory concentration

Consumption inhibition in natural populations, namely due to contaminants, may have direct and immediate effects on ecosystems, by hampering ecosystem key functions (e.g., organic matter decomposition, grazing), long before effects at the individual level (e.g., reproduction, growth, emergence) have time-delayed consequences at successively higher levels of biological organization. The present study aimed at developing a cost-effective (short and easy) toxicity test based on the postexposure feeding of a freshwater amphipod present in the Iberian Peninsula and at evaluating the immediate impact of contamination on the population-level consumption rate. First, methodologies to quantify postexposure feeding were developed and optimized, the most important criterion being a feeding period as short as possible to minimize physiological recovery from the contaminant exposure. Second, the sensitivities of 48-h postexposure feeding and 48-h lethality tests were compared, using a reference chemical - copper. Third, the latter responses were integrated in a single parameter, the median population consumption inhibitory concentration. When Echinogammarus meridionalis males were fed on 100 defrosted Artemia franciscananauplii during 30 min in darkness at 19-21 °C, the eaten proportion was approximately 80%, without truncated data distributions. The 48-h median effective copper concentration for postexposure feeding was approximately two times lower than the 48-h LC50 - 91 versus 198 μg L⁻¹, respectively. Two techniques were used to quantify the median population consumption inhibitory copper concentration, both leading to similar values (75 and 68 μg L⁻¹). In conclusion, when contaminant concentrations elicit both lethality and feeding depression, the integration of both responses can provide an ecologically relevant evaluation on the potency of a contaminant to immediately disrupt ecosystem functioning.