区域环评中大气环境容量估算的研究进展

目前,在大气环境影响评价中,区域大气环境容量的研究是实施大气污染物总量控制的前提.文章综述了大气污染物区域环境容量的主要影响因素、用于其计算的空气质量模型以及大气环境容量研究的一般步骤.现阶段应用较广泛的大气环境容量的预测模型有A-P值法模型、箱模型、线性优化模型、ADMS模型及多种模型相结合的复合模式等,通过研究分析,提出了现阶段大气环境容量研究存在的主要问题及其有效的解决途径.     

水中天然有机物的臭氧强化光催化降解研究

研究了饮用水源中大分子天然有机物（NOM）的臭氧强化光催化降解,考察了臭氧投加量、反应时间和HCO3^-浓度对NOM降解速率的影响;分析了臭氧强化光催化过程中NOM相对分子质量的变化,并比较不同相对分子质量大小NOM的降解速率.研究结果表明,臭氧强化光催化比单独臭氧氧化、光催化能更有效地降解NOM,同时增加臭氧投加量和反应时间才能有效提高臭氧强化光催化对TOC的去除率,而单独增加臭氧投加量可显著提高生物可降解性;HCO3^-显著降低光催化的降解效果,臭氧强化光催化能有效地减弱HCO3^-的不利影响;臭氧强化光催化过程中大分子NOM分解为小分子,SUVA值迅速下降,且相对分子质量越大矿化速度越快.     

Sorption of dissolved organic matter and its effects on the atrazine sorption on soils

IntroductionApplication of organic amendments, such as sewagesludge to agricultural soils, has been considered as aneffective way to improve the soil physico chemical propertiesand organic matter compositions. Dissolved organic matter(D…     

西湖底泥不同供氧条件下有机质降解及CO2与CH4释放速率的模拟研究

采用密闭培养实验装置于室温（２５℃左右）及ｐＨ为７５条件下，对西湖底泥中有机质完全降解及转化为ＣＯ２和ＣＨ４的速率进行了模拟研究．结果表明，在西湖湖水现有供氧水平（５０—８６ｍｇ（Ｏ２）／Ｌ）条件下，底泥中有机质完全降解的速率最为缓慢，培养期间（４２天）平均只有０７２ｍｇ（Ｃ）／（ｋｇ·ｄ）．当湖水供氧水平进一步上升（８６→１２０→１６０ｍｇ（Ｏ２）／Ｌ），ＣＯ２释放速率增加，最大值可达到８７ｍｇ（Ｃ）／（ｋｇ·周）；当湖水供氧水平下降（８６→０ｍｇ（Ｏ２）／Ｌ），ＣＨ４释放速率加快，最大值可达到４６ｍｇ（Ｃ）／（ｋｇ·周）．     

序列间歇式好氧活性污泥法处理生物制药废水研究

本研究采用好氧ＳＢＲ法处理生物制药废水。试验结果表明，废水中不需另加氮磷营养物质，当进水ＣＯＤＣｒ为９１１～３２８０ｍｇ／Ｌ时，在曝气１６ｈ条件下，出水ＣＯＤＣｒ在３５０ｍｇ／Ｌ以下，ＢＯＤ５在８０ｍｇ／Ｌ以下，ＳＳ在１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ以下，皆达到生物制药工业废水二级排放标准。本文还对好氧ＳＢＲ法的有机物降解动力学过程进行了研究。     

环状扩散管-分级采样器的建立和细粒子酸性的测定

建立了国内第一台扩散管－分级采样器，用来研究大气气胶溶胶的组成和细粒子的酸性，实验证明该采样系统能够有效地避免大气中的碱性物质对颗粒物采样的干扰。在北京，湖南等地进行了现场实验，测定了气溶胶的酸性。     

On the influence of sand-wind on atmospheric environment

The authors seek, through tests on simulated sand samples in a wind tunnel and analysis of minerals combination and trace elements, to discover the environmental implications of flying-up, falling-down and concentration variation as a function of natural wind speed and direction, distance of movement, range and extent of influence on the atmospheric environment, of micro-granular components on the ground surface in the Keerqin desert area in northwest Liaoning Province of China.     

Effect of catalyzed diesel particulate filter and its catalyst loading on emission characteristics of a non-road diesel engine

In this study, the effects of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) coupled with a catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CDPF) with different catalyst loadings on the power, fuel consumption, gaseous and particulate emissions from a non-road diesel engine were investigated. Results showed that the after-treatment had a negligible effect on the power and fuel consumption. The reduction effect of the DOC on the CO and hydrocarbon (HC) increased with the engine load. Further reductions occurred coupling with the CDPF. Increasing the catalyst loading resulted in a more significant reduction in the HC emissions than CO emissions. The DOC could increase the NO₂ proportion to 37.9%, and more NO₂ was produced when coupled with the CDPF below 250°C; above 250°C, more NO₂ was consumed. The after-treatment could reduce more than 99% of the particle number (PN) and 98% of the particle mass (PM). Further reductions in the PN and PM occurred with a higher CDPF catalyst loading. The DOC had a better reduction effect on the nucleation particles than the accumulation ones, but the trend reversed with the CDPF. The DOC shifted the particle size distribution (PSD) to larger particles with an accumulation particle proportion increasing from 13% to 20%, and the geometric mean diameter (GMD) increased from 18.2 to 26.0 nm. The trend reversed with the CDPF and the accumulation particle proportion declined to less than 10%. A lower catalyst loading on the CDPF led to a higher proportion of nucleation particles and a smaller GMD.     

TA15钛合金与铝合金和结构钢接触腐蚀大气暴露试验研究

讨论了TA15钛合金与铝合金和结构钢接触后,在海南万宁大气试验站大气暴露的试验结果。3年的大气暴露试验显示,在海洋性大气环境下,2B06铝合金、16CrSiN i钢和30CrMnSiA钢无论与TA15钛合金接触与否,腐蚀都很严重,力学性能明显下降;对2B06铝合金进行阳极氧化,对16CrSiN i钢和30CrMnSiA钢进行氯化铵镀镉,可在一定程度上减缓腐蚀,但经过一定时间大气暴露,无论与TA15钛合金接触与否,都产生了严重腐蚀,力学性能明显下降;对2B06铝合金进行阳极氧化,对16CrSiN i钢和30CrMnSiA钢进行氯化铵镀镉,再喷涂1号航空底漆进行防护,可有效防止接触腐蚀。     

利用风场资料研究中距离大气扩散规律

本文提出了一个利用气象观测网取得的测风资料研究中距离大气扩散规律的方法。根据常规的风场观测资料和高空风观测资料,用插值公式计算地面和200m高度的水平轨迹以及水平风纵向分量和横向分量的脉动时间序列,进而用相继两条轨迹的横向距离和风脉动滑动平均法求得各类稳定度下的大气扩散参数。计算结果与同时进行的SF_6示踪实验结果和不同时进行的平衡球双经纬仪定位结果基本符合。