灾后复杂地形区域的测量测绘模型设计

灾后地形变化复杂,基于单一线性模型的测量测绘方法,测量灾区坡度陡、高差大等复杂地形时,无法有效拟合复杂地形趋势、获取高程点精度差,导致测量精确度较低。设计一种用于灾后复杂地形区域的测量测绘模型,在外部DEM辅助下精化灾区地形DEM,对灾区遥感InSAR影像进行干涉定标,实现干涉影像与外部DEM的精准对应;将多模型的线性回归策略与灾后复杂地形趋势相拟合,对解缠干涉影像图中全部影像快,通过多模型的线性回归,逐个像素精确的去除相位解缠中多余相位,过滤无价值高程点,得到有效灾区地形高程图,从中采集精确地灾后复杂地形区域高程点。实验结果表明,该模型可提高灾后复杂地形区域绘图精确度,对总体灾区地形InSAR影像测量效率高,测量的平均高程误差为±6.2cm,比单一线性模型低±3.77cm。     

Addressing data challenges in riverine nutrient load modeling of an intensively managed agro-industrial watershed

Data limitations often challenge the reliability of water quality models, especially in intensively managed watersheds. While numerous studies report successful hydrological model setup and calibration, few have addressed in detail the data challenges for multisite and multivariable model calibration to an intensively managed watershed. In this study, we address some of these challenges based on our reflective experience calibrating the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to the Upper Sangamon River Watershed in central Illinois based on daily flow, annual crop yield, and monthly sediment, nitrate, and total phosphorus loads. We highlight some challenges in SWAT calibration processes due to data errors and inconsistencies, and insufficient precipitation and water quality observations. Following, we demonstrate the merits of additional weather and water quality observations that could help reduce input uncertainties, and we provide suggestions for selecting appropriate observations for the model calibration. After dealing with the data issues, we show that the SWAT model could be calibrated with acceptable results for the case study watershed.     

基于LS-DYNA的墙体抗燃气爆炸能力数值分析

目前国内外有关墙体防爆的研究多是针对恐怖袭击,且建模分析中多采用单向墙体,而对于民宅内燃气爆炸防护的研究很少。本文详细讨论了数值模拟的建模关键技术,在此基础上建立了墙体三维模型,采用具有民宅燃气爆炸特征的荷载曲线,对四边约束墙体的破坏模式、抗爆能力等进行了初步分析,并与单向墙体进行了比较。结果表明,墙体边界约束条件、厚度、砂浆强度、平面尺寸等因素均会对计算结果产生一定影响,其中前两者的影响效果较为显著。以此为基础提出的一些民宅防爆建议,可为结构防爆设计提供参考。     

电力供应系统地震安全性优化控制研究

在深入研究电力供应系统潮流分布特性、发电机出力和成本曲线特性、电力系统地震安全性分析与控制的基础上,将安全约束最优化控制算法运用于电力供应系统地震安全性控制中。通过对算法的网络线性分析模型、发电机出力约束条件、线路潮流约束条件和目标函数的深入研究,得出该算法的实施过程;而后,结合供电系统潮流分析的快速解耦法、安全性分析的灵敏度安全性分析法和本文的安全约束最优化控制算法,编写了相应的Fortran和Matlab计算程序,该程序能在较短的时间内计算出调度控制措施和调度费用;最后,通过一个实际算例的分析与计算,验证了该算法的实用性和优越性。本文工作可为震后供电系统功能快速恢复,减少供电系统经济损失,使系统功能得到最大发挥提供理论分析依据,具有很大的现实意义。     

可燃气体报警器快速校准装置的研究

针对石化企业中可燃气体报警器校准工作存在着校准周期长、维护困难、准确性不能保证的现状,提出了一种通过将高浓度可燃气体物质经过定量稀释配制成用于可燃气体报警器标定的多种浓度气体物质的方法,并设计了一种由两路流量检测与控制模块和一个监控单元构成的可燃气体报警器快速标定装置。叙述了可燃气体报警器快速标定装置的原理、元器件构成、设计结构、流量控制方法和防爆措施的实现。     

Calibration and Validation of Far Field Dilution Models for Outfall at Worli, Mumbai

The city of Mumbai, India with a population of 15 million discharges about 2225 MLD of domestic wastewater after partial treatment to adjoining marine water body. Under the Mumbai Sewage Disposal Project Scheme, sewage is being disposed to the west coast at Worli and Bandra through 3.4 kms long submarine outfalls. A field study was conducted at recently commissioned outfall diffuser location at Worli, at the onset of neap flood tide to study the dispersion patterns and measure the far field dilutions using radio and dye tracers. Estimated dilutions using different tracers were compared with outputs from an empirical model (Brooks) and a 2D numerical model (DIVAST). Validation using parameters such as BOD and FC, indicated a good match for BOD in near field compared to FC. The radiotracer ⁸²Br and Rhodamine WT generally gave good correlation with Brooks' and DIVAST models for nearfield, however at further distances predictions were not accurate.     

电磁信息观测仪的标定

本文根据电磁信息观测手段的实际工作需要,简明地阐述了电磁信息观测仪的标定意义,标定精度要求及基本标定方法。为电磁信息资料的定量分析做了一些基础性的工作。     

有毒有害气体检测报警仪的选择和使用

详细介绍了如何选择合适的有毒有害气体检测报警仪，提出了在使用过程中需要注意的问题。     

Impact of Length of Dataset on Streamflow Calibration Parameters and Performance of APEX Model

Due to resource constraints, long‐term monitoring data for calibration and validation of hydrologic and water quality models are rare. As a result, most models are calibrated and, if possible, validated using limited measured data. However, little research has been done to determine the impact of length of available calibration data on model parameterization and performance. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of length of calibration data (LCD) on parameterization and performance of the Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender model for predicting daily, monthly, and annual streamflow. Long‐term (1984‐2015) measured daily streamflow data from Rock Creek watershed, an agricultural watershed in northern Ohio, were used for this study. Data were divided into five Short (5‐year), two Medium (15‐year), and one Long (25‐year) streamflow calibration data scenarios. All LCD scenarios were calibrated and validated at three time steps: daily, monthly, and annual. Results showed LCD affected the ability of the model to accurately capture temporal variability in simulated streamflow. However, overall average streamflow, water budgets, and crop yields were simulated reasonably well for all LCD scenarios.     

Reducing Streamflow Forecast Uncertainty: Application and Qualitative Assessment of the Upper Klamath River Basin,Oregon1

Abstract: The accuracy of streamflow forecasts depends on the uncertainty associated with future weather and the accuracy of the hydrologic model that is used to produce the forecasts. We present a method for streamflow forecasting where hydrologic model parameters are selected based on the climate state. Parameter sets for a hydrologic model are conditioned on an atmospheric pressure index defined using mean November through February (NDJF) 700‐hectoPascal geopotential heights over northwestern North America [Pressure Index from Geopotential heights (PIG)]. The hydrologic model is applied in the Sprague River basin (SRB), a snowmelt‐dominated basin located in the Upper Klamath basin in Oregon. In the SRB, the majority of streamflow occurs during March through May (MAM). Water years (WYs) 1980‐2004 were divided into three groups based on their respective PIG values (high, medium, and low PIG). Low (high) PIG years tend to have higher (lower) than average MAM streamflow. Four parameter sets were calibrated for the SRB, each using a different set of WYs. The initial set used WYs 1995‐2004 and the remaining three used WYs defined as high‐, medium‐, and low‐PIG years. Two sets of March, April, and May streamflow volume forecasts were made using Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP). The first set of ESP simulations used the initial parameter set. Because the PIG is defined using NDJF pressure heights, forecasts starting in March can be made using the PIG parameter set that corresponds with the year being forecasted. The second set of ESP simulations used the parameter set associated with the given PIG year. Comparison of the ESP sets indicates that more accuracy and less variability in volume forecasts may be possible when the ESP is conditioned using the PIG. This is especially true during the high‐PIG years (low‐flow years).