An implementation assessment of China’s Environmental Information Disclosure Decree

China’s 2007 Open Government Information Regulations is widely considered as a milestone in the country’s information policy history and is praised as a “sunshine program”. The Environmental Information Disclosure Decree was the first to operationalize these general regulations into a sectoral information disclosure system on environment. This study assessed the implementation of the environmental information disclosure system about six months after the Decree took e ect on May 1, 2008. Through reviewing the websites of all 31 provincial Environmental Protection Bureaus and the Ministry of Environmental Protection, conducting an experiment with actual information disclosure request, and through interviews with all provincial Environmental Protection Bureaus, this article concluded that the implementation of the environmental information disclosure system still falls short. Future improvements should focus on further publicity of the regulations and decree to enhance public participation, the establishment of an independent evaluation and supervision system for information disclosure, the exchange of experiences and best practices among provincial Environmental Protection Bureaus, and on strengthening the legal status of environmental information disclosure.     

Promoting pro-environmental behaviour: existing evidence and policy implications

This paper describes a recent study in the UK aimed at identifying how policy makers might more effectively encourage pro-environmental behaviours amongst their target audiences. The study included analysis and synthesis of theories and models of behaviour change, a range of current policy programmes and instruments and ‘real world’ practices of individuals, households, groups and organisations.The paper highlights some important considerations for future policy within the UK and, more widely, for other countries aiming to introduce comprehensive and multi-level policy programmes to encourage pro-environmental behaviours. To this end, it emphasises the complex and non-linear nature of environmental behaviours and, thus, the importance of adopting multi-levelled and multi-instrument integrated policies across whole systems of delivery.     

中国绿色发展中的环境治理：成效评价与趋势展望

“十一五”时期,中国环境治理工作在绿色发展中的作用更加明显,环境治理成效显著增强,基本建立健全了与中国基本国情相适应的环境治理宏观战略体系、全防全控的防范体系、法规政策标准体系以及全民参与体系。但东、中、西、东北四大区域的环境治理成效存在明显差异。面对中国绿色发展的需要和日趋强化的资源环境约束,以解决影响可持续发展的突出环境问题为重点,健全完善多元主体环境治理模式,全面加强环境法律体系建设,积极探索环境治理新工具,不断推进环境治理协同联动机制,将是中国环境治理的主要方向。     

合福高铁沿线旅游地合作网络与模式

高铁开通带来显著的“时空压缩”效应,对沿线旅游地之间的合作关系与模式产生重要影响。以合福高铁为例,运用社会网络、空间分析、描述统计等研究方法及Ucinet、GIS、SPSS、Excel等软件,研究合福高铁沿线旅游地之间的合作网络与模式。结果表明：（1）合福高铁开通后,旅游者对沿线旅游地的认知程度、同游意愿、重游意愿提升,不同旅游地之间的合作关系增强,合作网络中形成显著的核心—边缘结构,沿线旅游地之间的合作网络密集,并通过与其他旅游地相互联结形成合作关系较强、影响力较大的高铁沿线旅游区“组团”。（2）高铁沿线城市间的旅游流流量较大,具备稳定的二方关系和三方关系,形成了“旅游核心+旅游核心”“旅游核心+交通核心”“旅游核心+换乘中心”三种典型合作模式,三种合作模式呈现“强强联合”的特征,并带来显著的“马太效应”“过滤效应”和“溢出效应”。（3）高铁开通为沿线旅游地建立合作关系提供了重要契机,合作发展成为未来的重要趋势,针对当前的合作模式应制定多种发展策略,建立旅游地之间更加广泛、深入的合作关系,实现沿线旅游地的联动发展。研究成果对于丰富中国高铁旅游的研究内容,揭示高铁沿线旅游地的合作网络及典型模式,探讨社会网络、空间分析等研究方法在旅游地合作关系研究中的应用,制定高铁沿线区域旅游发展策略具有一定启示意义。     

治理现代化目标下国家空间规划体系的变迁与重构

基于治理理论,从中央—地方以及政府—市场关系维度,分别揭示了西方发达国家和我国空间规划体系在国家治理变迁影响下的演变历程与总体趋向。国土空间规划是我国面向生态文明建设的重要制度变革与治理体系重构的举措,但是面向国家治理现代化目标,未来我国国土空间规划体系再建构还必须重视三个方面的问题：（1）充分理解“国土空间”的多元价值属性,重视国土空间规划对多元目标的统筹平衡,不能把空间简单化为“自然资源”载体,谨防规划蜕化为单纯的“资源环境管控技术工具”;（2）集权与分权相结合,建立与政府事权相对应、层级差异有序的空间规划体系;（3）高度重视规划研究和非法定规划的作用,为空间规划的科学性提供有力支撑。     

西南喀斯特石漠化治理植物选择与生态适应性

在概述喀斯特生境特征和主要石漠化治理模式的基础上,对石漠化主要治理植物物种进行了统计分析,从干旱、土壤质量、小生境异质性和地形海拔等方面对石漠化治理植物物种的生态适应性研究进了简要评述。结合现有研究基础和国家对西南喀斯特石漠化区主体生态功能的定位,提出了加强石漠化治理特色植物物种选育研究;治理植物物种生境适应性研究;石漠化治理过程中的植被演替规律研究;不同石漠化治理植被恢复模式的适用性与治理综合效益的监测与评价研究等四个主要研究方向。     

基于新能源视角的南京市雾霾形成与治理路径研究

伴随着南京市工业化进程的快速推进,雾霾天气出现的频率越来越高,严重影响到交通的顺。运行,威胁着居民健康,制约了当地经济环境的可持续发展,因此人们对雾霾现象的关注度日益提高。从能源结构角度,具体分析南京市雾霾天气的形成原因,提出针对性的治理雾霾的现实性建议与路径,指出必须调整以煤炭为中心的能源消费结构,加快建设新能源汽车配套设施,严格规范成品油标准以减排汽车尾气,通过内化环保产业外部性实现优化资源配置。     

公众个体如何参与环境治理？——路径选择及优化策略

公众个体是环境治理的重要主体之一,但缺乏参与路径与信息、参与形式单一等是公众参与程度偏低的重要原因。因此,研究公众参与路径与模式选择对丰富治理理论及提升公众参与效果具有重要意义。本文基于治理理论的三种研究观点及社会治理主体视角,将公众参与路径划分为政府维度的行政力量主导型、社会维度的第三部门力量主导型、基层自治力量主导型、传播和宣传力量主导型,以及自身力量主导型等五种路径;并从环境治理体系和参与路径网络中各主体的角色定位出发,进一步优化路径选择,提出线上及线下结合的赋权型参与策略,以期提高公众个体参与的主动性和有效性,促进治理理论的本土化发展。     

Importance of deepening integration of crime and conservation sciences

Conservation crime is a globally distributed societal problem. Conservation crime science, an emerging interdisciplinary field, has the potential to help address this problem. However, its utility depends on serious reflection on the transposition of crime science approaches to conservation contexts, which may differ in meaningful ways from traditional crime contexts. We considered the breadth of crime science approaches being used in conservation as well as the depth of crime science integration in conservation. We used the case of sea cucumber (Holothuria floridana, Isostichopus badionotus) trafficking in Mexico as an example of why the interdisciplinarity of crime and conservation sciences should be deepened and how integration can help ideate new solutions. We first conducted a review of literature to capture the range of interdisciplinarity applications. We identified 6 crime science approaches being applied to the conservation contexts of illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing; wildlife and plant crime; and illegal logging. We then compared this knowledge base to the case of illegal sea cucumber fishing in Mexico. We identified 5 challenges in the application of these approaches to conservation contexts: the relative diffusion of harms and victims in conservation crimes; scalar mismatches in crime, authority, and the conservation issue itself; interactions between legal and illegal networks; communities and their authority to define and control crime; and the role of natural science in the rule of law. Considering these 5 factors may enhance the depth of interdisciplinarity between crime and conservation sciences. Nurturing interdisciplinary crime and conservation science will expand innovation and help accelerate successful risk management programs and other policy agendas.     

美丽中国建设地方实践评估与展望

美丽中国建设需要各地区各部门社会各界共同推动,开展美丽中国建设地方实践是实现美丽中国建设目标的有效途径。党的十八大以来,全国各地积极开展美丽中国建设实践,全力打造美丽中国建设样本和先行区,丰富建设内涵、深化建设内容、拓展建设领域、创新实践模式、完善实践机制,取得了显著成效,形成了一批典型经验。进入新时代新征程,围绕建设人与自然和谐共生的美丽中国,需要进一步发挥各地积极性、主动性、创造性,深化美丽中国建设地方实践,坚持分区分类因地制宜,形成各美其美的美丽中国建设格局,坚持系统谋划,创新提升美丽中国建设地方实践模式,强化政策协同和宣传激励,形成各地区全社会合力共建美丽中国的良好氛围,为全面建设美丽中国提供丰富的地方实践和坚实的基础支撑。