Microcystin-LR detection based on indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Microcystins (MCs) are a group of closely related toxic cyclic heptapeptides produced by common cyanobacteria, which cause lots of accidents and threatens human health. In this paper, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) was established and used to detect microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in drinking and surface waters. The concentration of coating antigen was 5 μ/mL, the dilution of monoclonal antibody MC10E7 was 1:3 000, the dilution of enzyme tracer (goat anti-mouse IgG-peroxidase) was 1:3 000, the standard concentration of MC-LR ranged from 0.001 μg/L to 30 μg/L, and o-phenylenediamine was used as substrate. The assay showed high relativity with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a correlation coefficient of more than 99%. The relative standard deviation was less than 10%, the detection limit was achieved down to 0.01 μg/L and up to 5.1 μg/L. The quantitative detection range was from 0.03 μg/L to 3 μg/L, and the antibody had high specificity for [4-arginine] microcystins. It performed well in spite of the influence of the real samples. Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(6): 1166–1170 [译自: 环境科学]     

Functional groups assisted-photoinduced electron transfer-mediated highly fluorescent metal-organic framework quantum dot composite for selective detection of mercury (II) in water

The presence of toxic mercury (II) in water is an ever-growing problem on earth that has various harmful effect on human health and aquatic living organisms. Therefore, detection of mercury (II) in water is very much crucial and several researches are going on in this topic. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered as an effective device for sensing of toxic heavy metal ions in water. The tunable functionalities with large surface area of highly semiconducting MOFs enhance its activity towards fluorescence sensing. In this study, we are reporting one highly selective and sensitive luminescent sensor for the detection of mercury (II) in water. A series of binary MOF composites were synthesized using in-situ solvothermal synthetic technique for fluorescence sensing of Hg²⁺ in water. The well-distributed graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots on porous zirconium-based MOF improve Hg²⁺ sensing activity in water owing to their great electronic and optical properties. The binary MOF composite (2) i.e., the sensor exhibited excellent limit of detection (LOD) value of 2.4 nmol/L for Hg²⁺. The sensor also exhibited excellent performance for mercury (II) detection in real water samples. The characterizations of the synthesized materials were done using various spectroscopic techniques and the fluorescence sensing mechanism was studied.     

浅谈煤矿透水事故后外排酸性矿井水的治理

采用火焰原子吸收法对大同市“5．18”左云新井煤矿透水事故中所排酸性废水及其应急处理外排水中铁锰进行跟踪测定。结果表明，在废水处理过程中加入石灰石中和，脱铁脱锰，pH均值7．9，总铁浓度均值1．07mg／L，均达到污水综合排放标准。     

可再生能源资源的系统评价方法及实例

可再生能源资源评价是可再生能源综合规划的前提,由于能源综合规划各环节之间是相互关联的,因此,能源资源评价不能独立于其它分析过程而单独进行。特别是对可再生能源资源来说,评价内容除了要考虑储量、开采量、生产率等进行一般能源评价所考虑的因素以外,更应注重可再生能源资源的开发技术及市场分析。由于目前对可再生能源的资源评价尚未形成比较系统的评价体系,因此,论文根据可再生能源资源的特性以及它与技术、市场之间的内在联系,从一般系统论的观点出发,对可再生能源资源的系统评价方法进行了研究。最后以秸秆资源为例,对以上选择的评价方法进行了实际应用。     

海洋环境中漂浮垃圾的监测方法

本文分析和比较了环境中漂浮塑料垃圾的监测方法。目测估计法多用于宏观分析大区域漂浮塑料垃圾的数量；拖网法主要用来估计塑料颗粒物质的分布和数量；单位面积海滩调查法多用于塑料垃圾的统计计算。     

A Comparison of Bacterial Indicators and Methods in Rural Surface Waters

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) recommends the use of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and enterococci as indicators of enteric pathogens in fresh waters; however, fecal coliform analyses will remain important by virtue of the large amount of historic data collected in prior years. In this study, we attempted, in a real-world situation (i.e., a rural inland watershed in the Piedmont of South Carolina) to compare different bacterial indicators and methods to one another. We compared fecal coliforms, enumerated by membrane filtration with E. coli, enumerated by a commercialized enzyme substrate method and observed E. coli/fecal coliform ratios of 1.63 and 1.2 for two separate tests. In the same watershed, we observed an E. coli/fecal coliform ratio of 0.84 when we used the commercialized enzyme substrate method for both enumerations. Given these results, users of such data should exercise care when they make comparisons between historic membrane filtration data and data acquired through the use of the more modern enzymatic methods. Some sampling and side-by-side testing between methods in a specific watershed may be prudent before any conversion factors between old and new datasets are applied.     

Numerical integration of chemical ODE problems arising in air pollution models

The numerical treatment of a regional air pollution model (such models are, as a rule, described mathematically by systems of partial differential equations) leads to the solution of very large computational problems. The chemical submodel of an air pollution model is normally the most timeconsuming part of the computational work. The application of appropriate discretization and splitting procedures reduces the chemical submodel to a large number of relatively small ODE systems (one such system per gridpoint). In the process of searching for efficient numerical algorithms for the chemical submodels one can carry out experiments by using only one such ODE system in order to facilitate the work. This approach has been used in connection with a particular chemical scheme, the condensed CBM IV scheme, which is used in several large air pollution models. Six integration algorithms have been tested on a set of typical scenarios (consisting of different starting concentrations and/or of different values of the emissions). The advantages and the disadvantages of the algorithms tested are discussed. The final decision about the most efficient algorithm, among the algorithms tested, should be made after a second series of experiments. The coupling of the chemical process with the transport of air pollution (on, at least, a twodimensional domain) together with the application of highspeed computers has to be studied in the second series of experiments, which will be performed in a subsequent paper.     

发生氢气分离离子色谱法间接测定水中硫化物

利用ＫＢＨ４在酸性条件下分解产生的氢气为载气分离水中硫化物，用ＮａＯＨ—Ｈ２Ｏ２溶液吸收Ｈ２Ｓ，并将其氧化为ＳＯ２－４，用离子色谱法测定ＳＯ２－４。方法用于各种水样中硫化物的测定，相对标准偏差为１．５８％，回收率在９０．５％到９８．２％之间。方法适用于水中硫化物的测定     

大气二氧化硫采样对比试验

对大气二氧化硫连续自动采样过程中的导气管吸附，样品的放置时间，吸收液的放置时间，采样高度等方面进行了试验，结果表明，导气管的吸附是使二氧化硫的监测值较五日采样法明显偏低的主要因素，其余方面无显著影响。     

酸雨和酸雾的监测分析

对酸雨和酸雾形成的过程、机理作了介绍，总结了酸雨和酸雾的采样和分析方法，并对各种方法测定值之间的误差作了合理的分析、评价．