On the Laws and Causes of Socio-economic Territorial Differentiation in Minority Areas in China

Abstract

On the basis of applying quantitative and qualitative approaches as well as GIS technology, this paper established an index system to make a comprehensive evaluation on socioeconomic development of minority areas in China. The result showed that socio-economic development in minority area presents a series of characteristics that the north is high and the south is low, center-margin pattern is obvious and the areas with middle and lower development indices are distributed centrally and continuously. However, the causes of the socioeconomic characteristics mainly include natural conditions, economic development basic, population cultural quality, regional combination and development conditions of mineral and energy resources, informal institutional factors and distribution of major traffic lines.     

我国地方性氟中毒病区环境氟的安全阈值

概述了我国地方性氟中毒的4个流行区域及其环境特征,揭示地方性氟中毒的流行与地球化学环境密切相关,研究了不同氟中毒病区氟从外环境到人体的传输途径及其剂量-效应关系.选择氟斑牙检出率5%作为病区划分标准,确定了不同病区环境氟的安全阈值,为氟的环境风险评价提供科学依据.     

Genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of Squaliobarbus curriculus from the Pearl River based on mitochondrial D-loop sequences北大核心CSCD

Squaliobarbus curriculus is one of the most economically important edible freshwater fish in the Pearl River. To assess the level of genetic diversity and genetic variation of S. curriculus populations w ithin t he Pearl R iver, samples were collected from six geographical populations from six drainages. 978 base pairs of the D-loop sequence were obtained as a molecular marker. 106 haplotypes were defined among 170 S. curriculus individuals. Populations of S. curriculus in the Pearl River displayed a high haplotypic diversity index (h = 0.9820) and high nucleotide diversity index (π = 0.01353). T he results of genetic distance and genetic differentiation index show that genetic differentiation among S. curriculus populations is not significant. The neighbor-joining tree shows two clades. Clade A is composed of most haplotypes of S. curriculus. Clade B includes two private haplotypes from the Xijiang River. Haplotype network analysis is consistent with the results of genetic distance and genetic differentiation. The results of AMOVA analysis showed that most variation was found within populations (99.36%). Neutral test analysis explained that there was population expansion in the history of S. curriculus in the Pearl River. Xijiang River could be the center of origin, as supported by all the results. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

贵州省旱地黄壤Zn和有机质的空间异质性特征

探究黄壤Zn和有机质的空间分布特征及其变异规律,分析环境因子对黄壤Zn和有机质空间分异的影响,对贵州省山地复杂环境下土壤资源的科学管理和可持续利用具有重要意义.基于130914个野外采样点,综合运用多种地统计学与传统统计学的方法,分析了贵州省旱地黄壤Zn和有机质的空间变异特征及其驱动因子.结果表明：①贵州省旱地黄壤Zn的平均含量略低于全国土壤Zn的平均含量（100 mg·kg^-1）,处于中等水平,而有机质含量则较为丰富;变异系数表明两者均属于中等程度的空间变异.②黄壤Zn和有机质均存在显著的空间自相关性,呈聚集分布,其中以Zn的Moran''s I指数更大、自相关程度更强;两个养分的最优理论模型均为指数模型,且块基比均介于25%~50%,具有中等程度的空间相关性,但结构性因素的作用更大;有机质的分形维数较Zn要高,其空间格局更复杂,对尺度的依赖性大.③Zn的高值区主要集中在西部和西北部地区,低值区多位于东南部和南部地区;有机质高值区沿西北东南带斜线分布,而低值区则沿东北西南方向与高值区呈现交叉分布的格局.④空间自相关分析和方差分析表明,选取的7个环境因子均对黄壤Zn和有机质的空间变异具有不同程度的影响,其中,高程和NDVI与两者的相关性更强.     

Genome Stability vs. Deprivation or Enrichment of the Geomagnetic Field

Summary This study suggested that cell-cycle kinetics, DNA replication and DNA repair react to magnetic fields differently. During their culture growth cycle, which lasted about five days, Friend erythroleukemia cells were either kept in the absence of magnetic fields in a magnetically shielded room or irradiated in a solenoid with 70 μT at 50 Hz plus 45 μT DC of the Earth: some cells grew without inducer of in vitro differentiation; others were induced to differentiate hemoglobin through dimethylsulfoxide. It emerged that, during a single culture growth cycle, while proliferation was slightly accelerated by the magnetic-field irradiation achieved in the solenoid both in undifferentiating and dimethylsulfoxide-differentiating cells, DNA replication did not appear to significantly depend on the magnetic-field deprivation achieved in the magnetically shielded room. However, as a result of a 318-day long magnetic-field irradiation in the solenoid, DNA replication remained unchanged in undifferentiating cells and partially inhibited in dimethylsulfoxide-differentiating cells. Following the same long magnetic-field irradiation in the solenoid, the amount of labelled repair patches in the parental DNA strands was slightly reduced.     

Differences in sensory ecology contribute to resource partitioning in the bats Myotis bechsteinii and Myotis nattereri (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

Coexisting animal species frequently differ in resource use in at least one niche dimension and thus avoid competition. While a range of morphological differences that lead to differentiation in animals' mechanical access to food have been identified, the role of sensory differences in within-guild niche differentiation has received less attention. We tested the hypothesis that differences in sensory access to prey contribute to resource partitioning between potentially competing species using two sympatric, similar-sized, congeneric bat species as a model system. Nursery colonies of Natterer's bat (Myotis nattereri) and Bechstein's bat (Myotis bechsteinii) roost in bat boxes in the same orchard and forage in forests and orchards nearby. In observations and behavioural experiments with freshly captured M. bechsteinii, we showed that individuals are able to hunt using prey-generated sound alone. In contrast, M. nattereri rarely uses prey-generated sound, but instead is able to find prey by echolocation very close to vegetation. In accordance with these behavioural data, we showed that M. bechsteinii has significantly larger ears than M. nattereri, providing it with superior detection and localization abilities for relatively low-frequency prey rustling sounds. We hypothesized that these differences in sensory ecology of the two syntopic, congeneric species would contribute to resource partitioning, so that M. bechsteinii would find more noisy prey taxa, possibly hidden in vegetation, by listening for prey sounds, while M. nattereri would have better access to still prey using echolocation or associative learning. Analysis of faecal samples collected on the same nights from bat boxes occupied by each species corroborated this prediction. The diets of the two species differed significantly, reflecting their different prey perception techniques and thereby supporting the hypothesis that differences in sensory ecology contribute to niche differentiation. Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available for this article at and accessible for authorised users. B.M. Siemers and S.M. Swift contributed equally to this work.     

利用RAPD标记分析卧龙自然保护区不同海拔沙棘种群的遗传变异

从1800m到3400m五个海拔连续取样,用RAPD分子标记研究了卧龙自然保护区中国沙棘种群的遗传结构和遗传变异.用11条寡核苷酸引物,扩增得到151个重复性好的位点,其中143个多态位点,多态率达94.7%.在5个沙棘种群中,总遗传多样性值(HT)为0.289,B种群内的遗传多样性值为0.315,这完全符合沙棘这种多年生、远交的木本植物高遗传变异的特性.5个种群内遗传多样性随海拔升高呈低—高—低变异趋势,在2200m海拔处的B种群遗传多样性达最大值0.315,3400m海拔处的E种群则表现最小,仅0.098.5个种群间的遗传分化值GST=0.406,也即是说有40.6%的遗传变异存在于种群间,59.4%存在种群内.1800m海拔处的A种群与其他种群的明显分离是造成种群间遗传分化大的原因.UPGMA聚类图和PCoA散点图分别进一步确证了5个种群间关系和所有个体间的关系.最后,经过Mantel检测,遗传距离与海拔表现了明显的相关性(r=0.646,P=0.011).     

Quality and Congestion in Environmental Goods: The Road to the Wangapeka

An increasing complaint heard among New Zealand residents is that their enjoyment of local environmental resources is being diminished by increased congestion from foreign visitors. This paper considers a model of vertical differentiation in which foreign high-value and domestic low-value consumers incur congestion costs in using a common resource. We demonstrate that reducing quality in the face of increased foreign demand is optimal absent discriminatory prices (but not otherwise). We also consider the provision of multiple environmental goods and demonstrate that providing differential qualities may be optimal even if domestic consumers do not use the high-quality resources at all.     

Endocrine disrupters in the aquatic environment

Possible mechanisms to explain endocrine effects on reproduction and sex differentiation are presented for selected pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, industrial chemicals and plant sterols which are known to be present in the aquatic environment. Disruptions of the hormonal coordination can be induced by xenobiotics on various levels of the hierachically organised endocrine system of vertebrates. Phthalate plasticisers, for example, may disrupt the pituitary control of gonadal functions; prenatal/larval exposure to synthetic estrogen impairs sex differentiation and neuroendocrine sexual determination of the central nervous system; phenylurea herbicides block the androgen receptor; the biotransformation of weakly estrogenic plant sterol components of paper mill wastewater (e.g. βsitosterol) may lead to androgenic compounds. The effect of hypolipidemic drugs on lipid homeostasis (peroxysom proliferation) is transmitted via a receptor protein that seems to be closely related to the endocrine system both functionally as well as phylogenetically; possible interferences with the neuroendocrine control of sex differentiation are also discussed. In invertebrates, tributyltin is known to effect the biosynthesis of steroidal sexual hormones. PCBs are suspected to be competitive inhibitors of the steroid catabolism. In order to identify potential risks caused by chemicals to the reproductive capacities of aquatic animals and to the quality of drinking water, methods should be established to detect endocrine disrupters at the various levels of the endocrine system.     

全球CO2倍增对我国自然地域分异及农业生产潜力的影响预测

ＣＯ_２倍增导致全球变暖,并对自然环境产生影响的研究已成为举世瞩目的重大课题。本文在ＩＰＣＣ预告的基础上,分析了气候变化对我国自然地域分异的影响,用６７１个站点资料分析了我国温度带及各自然地区的数量指标、各地区生产潜力及影响生产潜力的因子,将气候变暖增温、温度带北移的界线及降水区向西迁移后干湿地区界线的变化绘制成图,同时预测了农业生产潜力的未来变化。结果表明：全球变暖使我国温暖地区面积增加,半干旱及干旱区水分条件改善,有利于作物生产。