The Impact of Landsat Satellite Monitoring on Conservation Biology

Landsat 7s recent malfunctioning will result in significant gaps in long-term satellite monitoring of Earth, affecting not only the research of the Earth science community but also conservation users of these data. To determine whether or how important Landsat monitoring is for conservation and natural resource management, we reviewed the Landsat programs history with special emphasis on the development of user groups. We also conducted a bibliographic search to determine the extent to which conservation research has been based on Landsat data. Conservation biologists were not an early user group of Landsat data because a) biologists lacked technical capacity – computers and software – to analyze these data; b) Landsats 1980s commercialization rendered images too costly for biologists budgets; and c) the broad-scale disciplines of conservation biology and landscape ecology did not develop until the mid-to-late 1980s. All these conditions had changed by the 1990s and Landsat imagery became an important tool for conservation biology. Satellite monitoring and Landsat continuity are mandated by the Land Remote Sensing Act of 1992. This legislation leaves open commercial options. However, past experiments with commercial operations were neither viable nor economical, and severely reduced the quality of monitoring, archiving and data access for academia and the public. Future satellite monitoring programs are essential for conservation and natural resource management, must provide continuity with Landsat, and should be government operated.     

东海区带鱼伏季休渔效果及其资源的合理利用

根据2002-2003年东海区带鱼年龄鉴定资料,并引用以往的带鱼渔业生物学研究结果,作为估算带鱼死亡系数和建立动态综合模型所需的有关参数值估算的依据,从而运用Ricker动态综合模型分析了在现行渔业条件下东海区带鱼伏季休渔效果和带鱼资源利用状况以及变更渔业利用情况对带鱼渔业所产生的影响。结果表明:在现行渔业下(tc=0.5a,F=2.61/a),东海区实施3个月的伏季休渔制度能使年平均资源量增加87%,年产量增加29%,渔获平均体重增加42%;带鱼资源的利用虽处于捕捞过度状态之中,但尚能承受较大的捕捞压力,资源结构利用不合理之处是捕捞大量的幼鱼群体,渔获个体依然过小,渔获平均体重仅为75g/ind.;单位补充量渔获量(Y/R)随tc变化的影响大于随F的变化,建议在维持现有伏季休渔制度下,应逐渐降低捕捞强度,并以提高起捕规格放大网目尺寸作为今后一个时期首选的渔业管理目标,应是较为现实的资源合理利用措施。     

提高模具行业的竞争力——敏捷制造

介绍了我国模具工业结构现状及敏捷制造的基本思想 ,论述了应用敏捷制造建立模具行业的动态联盟可缩短模具设计和制造周期 ,提高我国模具工业的竞争力。     

模拟在役井注减氧空气对1Cr-L80井筒管材防腐研究

目的在充分调研陆上及渤海周边相似油气田注气开发井筒腐蚀情况的基础上,明确注减氧空气开发井对井筒全寿命周期管材腐蚀速率大小。方法系统性开展注气井不同含氧量条件下的动态腐蚀实验研究,并对生产井动态腐蚀进行评价,深入分析减氧空气对油井管腐蚀行为,分类分层次分析归纳注减氧空气工况管柱腐蚀特性、腐蚀速率影响因素以及管柱腐蚀风险。结果得出在注气井井口、井中、井底工况,不同氧气浓度下,1Cr-L80管材在注气井井口、井中、井底的腐蚀关系曲线。在含氧量为5%(质量分数)的注气井井口、井中、井底,1Cr-L80的腐蚀速度分别为0.345、0.2147、0.1158mm/a;在含氧量为21%的注气井井口、井中、井底,1Cr-L80的腐蚀速率分别为0.7399、1.2854、2.4506 mm/a。结论1Cr-L80材质腐蚀速率均保持在较高水平,老井直接注入空气会存在高腐蚀风险。     

江苏宿迁地震台短水准测量场地改造的探讨

地震前兆数据观测中,经常会遇到各种干扰,有的干扰可以很快排除,但有的是无法排除的.目前我们的短水准受到铺路影响就属于后一种情形,它直接影响到我们测量场地的生存.为了让观测数据得以延续,我们努力寻找解决问题的办法,最后采用把观测点平移再对比观测的方法来解决问题.     

尖点突变模型在研究洪水引起环境突变中的应用

以1998年霍林河特大洪水为例，在进行洪水对环境影响作用分析的基础上，将洪水发生的危险系数、地面高程、地形坡度、降雨影响程度、土地盐碱率和草地开垦率6个控制变量划分为两个主分量。由于洪水引起的环境突变可以归纳为一种耦合突变，我们采用尖点突变模型进行求解，得出各主分量的数学表达式和水环境突变区域边界，绘制了该流域环境突变分区图，论证了应用尖点突变模型研究环境突变的合理性。     

关注全球气候变化,提高抵御气候灾害的能力

我国是个受全球季风气候影响较大的国家。受全球气候变暖的影响,云南梅里雪山的明永冰川已发生后退现象,西双版纳也已出现一些变化的前兆。为维护生态安全,云南省应统筹好人与自然和谐相处的关系,防止人为决策失误造成的区域性生态系统结构的破坏,同时要加强有关气候变化对云南影响的预警研究。     

Climate Change Policy in European Countries and its effects on industry

In this paper we discuss the effects ofdifferent climate change policies onindustrial activity and on welfare. Wecompare the effects of carbon taxes andgrandfathered permits and the effects ofexemptions for energy-intensive industries.We survey first the insights from economictheory and from model experiments for theUS. Next we use a general equilibrium modelto assess the effect of different climatechange policies on industrial activity persector and per member country in the EU. Wepay particular attention to the effects ofpolicies where one EU member state exemptsits energy-intensive sectors from abatementefforts. The main findings are that, in theEU, the effects on industrial activity andthe welfare costs of tradable permits orcarbon taxes are small when no industrialsectors are exempted. When one membercountry exempts its energy intensivesector, this will reduce somewhat theimpact on its activity level but willgenerate an extra welfare cost for theEU.     

生物转盘动力学分析与数学模式探讨

通过对生产性四级生物转 盘进出水中主要污染指标及生物膜特性指标的分析测定，进行了ＢＯＤ５、ＣＯＤ和挥发酚等污染指标在转盘系统中的降解反应动力学分析，确定了上述污染指标的降解反应级数、反应速率常数及动力８学方程式，为寻求能够揭示转盘净化反应实质及其影响因素且简便实用的设计计算公式，根据物料平衡原理和莫诺（Ｍｏｎｏｄ）关系式推导出了能够揭示转 盘净化反应实质及其影响因素且简便实用的设计计算公式，根据关     

云南安宁工业区工业经济-水资源-水污染系统仿真模型及策略分析

水资源短缺和水污染是安宁工业区经济发展的重要限制因素。本文将该工业区分解为3个子区,应用系统动态学方法,建立多区相关的工业经济-水资源-水污染系统仿真模型,分别对各子区1985至2000年的工业产值、工业用水差距和水质进行多方案预测。在子区域综合的基础上,结合多级决策树法,筛选出安宁工业区协调工业经济、水资源和水质之间关系的最佳方案。