Experimental Investigation on The Igniting Fire Sources in Wildland Fire

试图通过试验,研究从林火点火源的红外辐射谱特性确定火焰性质的方法。为此,研制了模拟试验台,可以同时测定各特征火焰区的红外辐射谱和平均温度。用普朗克定律和维恩位移定律对试验数据进行了处理。对三种典型的引火源（烟头、树枝和纸）进行研究的结果表明：引火源的辐射特征波长在１．１－２．１ｕｍ,３．８－４．０ｕｍ,７．８－８．２ｕｍ波段内分布,此波长与各火焰区的特征温度存在对应关系。辐射温度随波长变化。在短波长处较低,此结果与将火焰辐射处理成黑体辐射时的普朗克定律大致相符     

汽车内饰材料的人工老化试验

讨论了光的能量和辐射强度、环境温度和湿度对汽车内饰材料老化的作用,介绍了国外广泛使用于汽车内饰材料老化的试验方法和试验设备,认为以氙灯和金属卤素灯为光源的试验设备配置适当的滤波器可进行模拟性最好的人工老化试验,建议加强汽车用材料的老化试验技术和评价方法的研究,尽快制定我国的汽车内饰材料老化试验方法的标准.     

微波辐射处理活性艳蓝KN-R染料溶液的研究

在活性炭存在下微波照射能使活性艳蓝KN－R溶液迅速脱色，每g活性炭处理浓度为300mg／L的活性艳蓝KN－R溶液50mL，微波辐射4min脱色率达97．1％。     

警惕室内外环境新杀手一电磁辐射污染

随着人民生活水平的提高以及社会的发展和科技进步,各类家用电器、办公自动化设备、移动通讯设备等迅速进入办公室、家庭,提高了人们的工作效率,丰富了人们的精神和物质生活。可是随之而来的是这些高科技的电器产品,在使用过程中会不同程度地产生电磁辐射,并成为继室内空气污染、放射性污染和噪音污染后的又一室内环境污染物质——“电磁辐射污染”。本文将从电磁辐射污染的特性、危害、国家相关规定以及怎样防止和减少室内电磁辐射的污染等几方面进行论述。     

Three-fluid retention in porous media involving water, PCE and air

A classical way to obtain three-fluid retention curves in porous media from measured two-fluid retention curves is based on the Leverett concept, which states that the total volumetric liquid content in a water-wet porous medium, containing water, a nonaqueous-phase liquid (NAPL) and air, is a function of the capillary pressure across the interface between the continuous NAPL and air. This functional relationship results from the assumed condition that in a three-fluid porous medium, the intermediate wetting fluid spreads over the water-air interface. Application of Leverett's concept may not be valid, however, for nonspreading NAPLs like perchloroethylene (PCE). This paper discusses measurements of both PCE-air and water-PCE-air retention curves using a long vertical column in conjunction with a dual-energy gamma radiation system. The data indicate that the Leverett concept was applicable only until a critical PCE saturation had been reached.     

微波辅助空气氧化水溶液中的PCP

采用活性炭为催化剂,对微波辅助空气氧化水溶液中的五氯酚进行了处理研究.考察了活性炭投加量、微波功率、辐射时间和通气量对溶液中五氯酚的去除率的影响.结果表明,在通气量为0.2 L/min,微波功率800 W和微波辐射60 min时,五氯酚的去除率可达到90%以上;对微波辐射前后的滤液进行紫外扫描和pH分析,可证实五氯酚被降解.     

Model reactor for photocatalytic degradation of persistent chemicals in ponds and waste water

A laboratory scale flow-through model reactor for the degradation of persistent chemicals using titanium dioxide (TiO₂) as photocatalyst immobilized on glass beads is presented. In the test system with a volume of 18 L contaminated water is pumped to the upper part of the floating reactor and flows over the coated beads which are exposed to UV-radiation. The degradation of two dyes of different persistance was investigated. Primary degradation of methylene blue did not fit a first order kinetic due to coincident adsorption onto the photocatalyst and direct photolysis, resulting in a half-life of 6 h. A filtrate of a green algae suspension accelerated the colour removal. In contrast, reactive red 2 was degraded only by photocatalysis; neither adsorption nor direct photolysis led to a colour removal. The course of primary degradation followed a first order kinetic with a half-life of 18 h and a rate constant of 0.04 h⁻¹. Analysis of the degradation products indicated mineralization by detection of NO₂⁻ and NO₃⁻, accompanied by a decrease of pH and an increase of conductivity. A successful adaptation of the model reactor (scale 1:10) to dimensions required for surface waters and waste water treatment plants would be a costefficient and environmentally sustainable application of photocatalysis for the treatment of industrially polluted water and could be of relevance for third world contries, particularly those favoured by high solar radiation.     

移动通信GSM网络与3G网络共站址下的环境影响评价

阐述了移动通信GSM网络与3G网络共站址的情况下对环境的影响，并提出了影响预测模式，计算了某通信公司移动通信典型基站对周围环境电磁辐射的影响，确定了对敏感目标的保护距离，并进行了实测以对保护距离进行验证。     

UV-B辐射增强对芦苇生长及生理特性的影响

在UV-B辐射增强条件下,以芦苇为材料,研究了不同辐射梯度对芦苇生长及生理特性的影响.结果表明:与自然光照相比,UV-B辐射增强可显著降低芦苇植株高度、比叶面积、生物量,且高强度辐射处理的影响大于低强度辐射,随辐射时间延长,生物量分配有向地下部分转移的趋势;与自然光照相比,UV-B辐射增强可显著增加芦苇叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量、抗氧化酶活性(SOD、CAT、GR、APX)、抗氧化物质含量(GSH、As A),且随辐射强度增大,MDA含量、酶活性、抗氧化物质含量增强程度加剧,但随辐射时间延长,高辐射处理下,GR酶活显著低于对照,GSH也表现出相应的趋势;UV-B辐射增强条件下,类胡萝卜素含量显著降低,而类黄酮含量较对照组却显著升高,且高强度辐射处理对芦苇叶片紫外吸收物质的影响大于低强度辐射.     

相变储能光伏太阳能热泵干燥系统的研究

建立了相变储能光伏太阳能热泵干燥系统实验平台,介绍了系统的运行方式以及太阳能光伏集热蒸发器与直流压缩机的匹配计算,最后对实验数据进行了分析。结果表明,太阳能辐照量为800 W/m~2、光伏集热蒸发器面积为12 m~2的条件下,系统制热功率为10 k W,太阳能光伏集热蒸发器发电量为6.2 k W·h,大于直流压缩机的耗电量,满足供电要求;实验所得系统COP为3.25。相变储能可以解决太阳辐照波动导致的系统运行不稳定问题,具有显著的节能性和环保性。