关于臭气浓度无组织排放监测的探讨

对臭气浓度无组织排放监测过程中的准备阶段、样品采集、样品分析、结果应用等方面进行了探讨,使现场监测工作更具规范性和有效性。     

多哈气候会议结果分析

本文总结和分析了多哈气候会议的谈判热点和成果,特别介绍涵盖2013至2020年的《京都议定书》第二承诺期的要点;展望了计划于2015年达成新的有法律效力的全面的国际气候协议。     

浦东新区“十二五”主要工业污染物排放总量预测及控制对策研究

文章以2010年污染源普查动态更新数据为基础,分析了目前浦东新区主要工业污染物的排放现状,掌握了浦东新区工业源主要能源消耗及污染物排放情况,重点工业源主要污染物行业分布和时空分布。根据浦东新区社会经济发展和环境保护的实际情况,采用情景分析法,设置三种不同工业增加值年增长率情景对浦东新区2015年主要工业污染物的排放量进行了预测,并结合浦东新区“十二五”主要污染物排放总量控制目标作了可达性分析,在此基础上,提出了浦东新区“十二五”主要工业污染物总量控制的对策措施。     

排污权交易指标关联要素探讨

目前,排污权有偿使用和交易作为各地环保工作体制、机制创新的热点,是利用经济手段促进环境保护的有益尝试。本文从指标来源、指标使用期限、与污染减排的关系、技术支撑以及指标交易后续监管五个方面分析了排污权交易指标关联要素,得出交易指标与国家政策、污染减排以及环境监管密切相关的结论,从完善国家政策、强化与污染减排衔接和突出指标后续监管三个方面提出了相应的对策建议。     

呼和浩特市工业料堆扬尘排放清单研究

颗粒物污染是影响中国城市空气质量的首要因素。工业料堆扬尘是城市大气颗粒物污染的主要来源之一。本文通过对呼和浩特市建成区内典型行业风蚀、作业及交通运输扬尘进行采样分析,应用美国AP-42提供的模型,以2006年作为基准年,建立了呼和浩特市工业料堆排放清单。研究结果表明:呼和浩特市建成区内工业料堆扬尘排放量为TSP:5 305 t/a,PM10:1 012 t/a,PM2.5:267 t/a。从空间分布看玉泉区工业料堆扬尘排放量最大,其次是赛罕区。行业分布上排放最大的行业是建材工业,其次是电力热力工业,最少的是化工工业。在各行业类别的工业料堆排放量中,交通运输扬尘排放量是最大的。     

工业用煤气燃烧装置二氧化硫减排方式的讨论

工业用煤气是工业生产中普遍采用的气体燃料,煤气燃烧过程会产生二氧化硫,减少煤气燃烧过程的二氧化硫排放可采用煤气脱硫和烟气脱硫两种方式。本文通过对煤气脱硫工艺及烟气脱硫工艺原理及参数进行对比的方式,讨论工业用燃气燃烧装置的两种二氧化硫减排方式的优缺点,为该类装置脱硫设计提供参考。     

Impacts of converting from leaded to unleaded gasoline on ambient lead concentrations in Jakarta metropolitan area

Total suspended particulate mater （TSP） concentrations were monitored for one year from July 2000 and for one year from April 2003 in Jakarta City. Thirteen elemental TSP components, aluminum （Al）, sodium （Na）, iron （Fe）, lead （Pb）, potassium （K）, zinc （Zn）, titanium （Ti）, manganese （Mn）, bromine （Br）, copper （Cu）, chromium （Cr）, nickel （Ni）, and vanadium （V） were analyzed by a sequential X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Al, Na, Fe, K, and Pb were major components at most of the sampling locations in 2000. However, only Pb in 2003 dramatically decreased to one tenth. The phase-out of leaded gasoline began on July 1, 2001 in Jakarta City and lead content in gasoline decreased to one tenth, too. The decrease in Pb concentration was a result of the phase-out of leaded gasoline, as lead emissions mainly are exhaust gas from vehicles.     

Assessing the potential for greenhouse gas mitigation in intensively managed annual cropping systems at the regional scale

We predicted changes in yields and direct net soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from converting conventional to alternative management practices across one of the world's most productive agricultural regions, the Central Valley of California, using the DAYCENT model. Alternative practices included conservation tillage, winter cover cropping, manure application, a 25% reduction in N fertilizer input and combinations of these. Alternative practices were evaluated for all unique combinations of crop rotation, climate, and soil types for the period 1997-2006. The crops included were alfalfa, corn, cotton, melon, safflower, sunflower, tomato, and wheat. Our predictions indicate that, adopting alternative management practices would decrease yields up to 5%. Changes in modeled SOC and net soil GHG fluxes corresponded to values reported in the literature. Average potential reductions of net soil GHG fluxes with alternative practices ranged from −0.7 to −3.3 Mg CO₂-eq ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ in the Sacramento Valley and −0.5 to −2.5 Mg CO₂-eq ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ for the San Joaquin Valley. While adopting a single alternative practice led to modest net soil GHG flux reductions (on average −1 Mg CO₂-eq ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), combining two or more of these practices led to greater decreases in net soil GHG fluxes of up to −3 Mg CO₂-eq ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. At the regional scale, the combination of winter cover cropping with manure application was particularly efficient in reducing GHG emissions. However, GHG mitigation potentials were mostly non-permanent because 60-80% of the decreases in net soil GHG fluxes were attributed to increases in SOC, except for the reduced fertilizer input practice, where reductions were mainly attributed to decreased N₂O emissions. In conclusion, there are long-term GHG mitigation potentials within agriculture, but spatial and temporal aggregation will be necessary to reduce uncertainties around GHG emission reductions and the delivery risk of the associated C credits.     

重点产业源增长对北部湾地区气态污染物模拟的影响

根据污染源普查资料制作北部湾地区2007年人为排放源清单,以及中期/远期参比情景(REF15/REF20)和远期调控情景(SCEi20)下的排放源清单.采用WRF-Chem模拟北部湾地区空气质量现状及未来变化.2007年SO2和NO2月平均质量浓度模拟值与监测值比较吻合.广东、广西(海南)地区污染物质量浓度较高(低)....     

基于我国规范与PIARC标准的公路隧道需风量分析

以某长大高速公路隧道为例,结合我国隧道通风设计规范JTJ026.1-1999与PIARC2007标准(世界道路协会),针对不同行车速度,不同车辆更新情况、不同排放标准组合形式以及是否考虑NOx等情况,对各个不同工况的需风量分别进行计算,并从需风量计算方法、机动车排放量和污染物设计浓度三个方面对隧道需风量差异进行分析。研究结果表明:我国设计规范与PIARC2007存在较大差距,为了适应当前及今后我国交通量及机动车排放特点的发展趋势,我国现行规范应在机动车排放量、污染物设计浓度限值等方面做出必要改进以达到合理确定隧道需风量的目的。