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排序方式: 共有119条查询结果,搜索用时 156 毫秒
81.
本文简述了鞍山市区地势及地质构造,分析了隐伏岩溶及塌陷分布的基本规律,探讨了岩溶在漫长的地质时期形成的过程,及其表现的主要特征,指出了岩溶塌陷的形成机理及对建筑物的威胁,划出了防范区,最后,提出了防治对策。 相似文献
82.
Wetland conservation is a critical environmental management issue. An emerging approach to this issue involves the construction
of wetland environments. Because our understanding of wetlands function is incomplete and such projects must be monitored
closely because they may have unanticipated impacts on ecological, hydrological, and geomorphological systems. Assessment
of project-related impacts on stream channel stability is an important component of riverine wetlands construction and operation
because enhanced erosion or deposition associated with unstable rivers can lead to loss of property, reductions in channel
capacity, and degradation of water quality, aquatic habitat, and riparian aesthetics.
The water/sediment budget concept provides a scientific framework for evaluating the impact of riverine wetlands construction
and operation on stream channel stability. This concept is based on the principle of conservation of mass, i.e., the total
amount of water and sediment moving through a specific reach of river must be conserved. Long-term measurements of channel
sediment storage and other water/sediment budget components provide the basis for distinguishing between project-related impacts
and those resulting from other causes. Changes in channel sediment storage that occur as a result of changes in internal inputs
of water or sediment signal a project-related impact, whereas those associated with changes in upstream or tributary inputs
denote a change in environmental conditions elsewhere in the watershed. A geomorphic assessment program based on the water/sediment
budget concept has been implemented at the site of the Des Plaines River Wetlands Demonstration Projection near Chicago, Illinois,
USA. Channel sediment storage changed little during the initial construction phase, suggesting that thus far the project has
not affected stream channel stability. 相似文献
83.
Sauchyn DJ 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2001,67(1-2):277-291
The sensitivity of soil landscapes to climatic variability andhydroclimatic events can be expressed as a landscape change safety factor, the ratio of potential disturbance to resistance to change. The use of a geographic information system (GIS) enables the spatially-explicit modeling of landscape sensitivity, but also raises the risk of violating the characteristic scales of disturbance and resistance, because the GIS technically simplifies the extrapolation of models, and associated concepts, to landscapes and scales notrepresented by the digital data base. Embedding landscape sensitivity into hierarchy theory, the formal analysis of the hierarchical structure of complex systems, provides a conceptual framework for the transfer of models and variablesamong landscape scales. In the subhumid southern Canadian plains, major hydroclimatic events (strong winds, intense rain,rapid snow melt) cause much of the physical disturbance of soillandscapes and terrestrial ecosystems. Prolonged dry or wet weather influences the resistance of soil and vegetation to these events. The potential disturbance of soil landscapes therefore can be derived from the probabilities of extreme events and seasonal conditions, as recorded in instrumental and proxy climate records. This time series analysis can belinked to the modeling of landscape sensitivity by establishingthe probabilities of hydroclimatic events and climatic conditions which may exceed or lower the resistance of individual soil landscapes. 相似文献
84.
Hydrogeomorphic Reference Condition and Its Relationship with Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in Southeastern U.S. Sand Hills Streams 下载免费PDF全文
Stephen A. Sefick Ely Kosnicki Michael H. Paller Jack W. Feminella 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2018,54(4):914-933
Defining stream reference conditions is integral to providing benchmarks to ecological perturbation. We quantified channel geometry, hydrologic and environmental variables, and macroinvertebrates in 62 low‐gradient, SE United States (U.S.) Sand Hills (Level IV ecoregion) sand‐bed streams. To identify hydrogeomorphic reference condition (HGM), we clustered channel geometry deviation from expectations given watershed area (Aws), resulting in two HGM groups discriminated by area at the top of bank (Atob) residuals <0.6 m2 and >0.6 m2 predicted to be HGM reference/nonreference streams, respectively. Two independent partial least squares discriminate analyses used (1) hydrologic/environmental variables and (2) macroinvertebrate mean trait values (mT) on 10 reference/nonreference stream pairs of similar Aws for classification validation. Nonreference streams had flashier hydrographs and altered flow magnitudes, lower organic matter, coarser substrate, higher pH/specific conductivity compared with reference streams. Macroinvertebrate assemblages corresponded to HGM groupings, with mT indicative of multivoltinism, collector‐gatherer functional feeding groups, fast current‐preference taxa, and lower Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera richness and biotic integrity in nonreference streams. HGM classifications in Sand Hills, sand‐bed streams were determined from channel geometry. This easily implemented classification is indicative of contemporary hydrologic disturbance resulting in contrasting macroinvertebrate assemblages. 相似文献
85.
Richard D. Hey 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2006,42(2):357-386
A fluvial geomorphological methodology for designing natural stable channels is being widely applied for river restoration. It is an analogue procedure, as the W/d ratio and sinuosity from a reference reach are scaled to determine the restoration design. The choice of reference reach is crucial and published criteria specify that it should be stable, correspond to the stream type at the restoration site, have the same valley type, and be from the same hydrophysiographic region. For stable, meandering gravel cobble bed rivers flowing through alluvial flood plains (C3 and C4 stream types), UK regime equations are used to evaluate the procedure. Successful design requires particular combinations of the ratios of bankfull discharge, bed material size and load, valley slope, and bank vegetation category between the reference and restoration sites. These critical ratios, which are confirmed by U.S. field data, provide guidelines for selecting a suitable reference reach for C3‐C4 stream types. They also indicate that the reference reach can be in any valley type or hydrophysiographic region. The geomorphological procedure will apply to all stable stream types, provided the reference reach is correctly identified. Specific guidelines for each stream type await the development of additional regime equations. 相似文献
86.
Eric W. Larsen Alexander K. Fremier Evan H. Girvetz 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2006,42(4):1063-1075
ABSTRACT: Flow regulation impacts the ecology of major rivers in various ways, including altering river channel migration patterns. Many current meander migration models employ a constant annual flow or dominant discharge value. To assess how flow regulation alters river function, variable annual flows ‐ based on an empirical relationship between bank erosion rates and cumulative effective stream power ‐ were added into an existing migration model. This enhanced model was used to evaluate the potential geomorphic and ecological consequences of four regulated flow scenarios (i.e., different hydrographs) currently being proposed on the Sacramento River in California. The observed rate of land reworked correlated significantly with observed cumulative effective stream power during seven time increments from 1956 to 1975 (r2= 0.74, p = 0.02). The river was observed to rework 3.0 ha/yr of land (a mean channel migration rate of 7.7 m/yr) with rates ranging from 0.8 ha/yr to 5.1 ha/yr (2.0 to 13.3 m/yr), during the analyzed time periods. Modeled rates of land reworked correlated significantly with observed rates of land reworked for the variable flow model (r2= 0.78, p = 0.009). The meander migration scenario modeling predicted a difference of 1 to 8 percent between the four flow management scenarios and the base scenario. 相似文献
87.
88.
湖北省宜都市岩溶地貌十分发育。在以王家畈乡为主体的面积约200km^2的岩溶地貌区域内.有天街、响水洞瀑布、古婆树、石塔、松乐山森林公园、石林生态、峡谷、天坑、溶洞、大岩屋、富硫泉水、陡崖、石巷、石林、古生物化石出露地等十五类以地质遗迹为主体的旅游景观。园区内55个自然景点组成了柳河景区、绿竹溪景区、毛湖淌景区、石羊河景区、大岩屋景区、潘家湾景区、仙女洞景区、老屋棚景区、松乐山景区、石塔景区、帽子尖景区等11个景区。宜都奥陶纪地质公园是以出露地层奥陶系地层为主体的岩溶地貌区域。建议在开发这些地质、地貌资源时.坚持以保护地质遗迹景观为前提。遵循开发与保护相结合的原则,严格保护自然与文化遗产。保护原有的景观特征和地方特色,维护生态环境的良性循环.防止污染和其它地质灾害.确保可持续发展。 相似文献
89.
南迦巴瓦峰地区自然变异强烈而频繁,地震、泥石流、崩塌与滑坡、雪害、洪水等自然灾害普遍。探讨了自然灾害的特征和规律、灾害的成因及其对社会经济的影响等问题,认为该地区自然灾害具有连锁性、群发性、突发性和频发性;强烈的新构造运动、高山深谷地貌及温热多雨的气候条件等是该地区灾害发生的最主要自然成因。灾害对该区人民生命财产安全、交通运输、山地农业及森林资源等造成严重影响。 相似文献
90.
Kristin Bunte John P. Potyondy Kurt W. Swingle Steven R. Abt 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2012,48(3):530-545
Bunte, Kristin, John P. Potyondy, Kurt W. Swingle, and Steven R. Abt, 2012. Spatial Variability of Pool-Tail Fines in Mountain Gravel-Bed Stream Affects Grid-Count Results. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(3): 530-545. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00629.x Abstract: Fine sediment (<2 and <6 mm) particles underlying a 49-intersection grid placed on a streambed at 25, 50, and 75% of the wetted pool-tail width are commonly counted to assess the status and trend of aquatic ecosystems or to monitor changes in the supply of fines in mountain gravel-bed streams. However, results vary even when crews perform nearly identical procedures. This study hypothesized that spatial variability of pool-tail fines affects grid-count results and that a sampling scheme can be optimized for precision and accuracy. Grid counts taken at seven evenly spaced locations across the wetted width of 10 pool tails in a pool-riffle study stream indicated a bankward fining trend with secondary peaks of fines within the stream center. Sampling locations close to the waterlines harbored more than twice as many fines as central locations. Most of the five grid-count schemes derived from the seven sampled locations produced significantly different results. Compared with sampling at all seven locations, schemes that focus near waterlines overpredicted fines, while those that focus on the center underpredicted them. Variability of fines among pool tails was the highest within a broad band along the waterlines; hence, focusing sampling there yielded the most variable results. The scheme sampling at 25, 50, and 75% of the wetted width had the lowest precision and moderate accuracy. Accuracy and precision of grid-count results can be greatly improved by sampling at seven even-spaced locations across the pool tail. 相似文献