应急协同嵌入性关系构建制约因素及建设路径

应急成效提升的关键在于应急主体建设起持续发展的稳定关系,这需要建设嵌入式关系模式来实现。通过从关系认知存在差异、关系内容多样失范、关系维系难以推进、关系强度难以深化4方面分析政府与社会组织应急领域嵌入性关系构建制约因素,针对性地提出了相关建设路径。     

环保非政府组织的作用和定位

环保非政府组织是市场、政府和公众之外的一支重要的社会力量,具有弥补政府失灵和市场失灵的作用又可填补政府留下的空间,也使它的作用有局限。中国环保非政府组织与政府之间应建立一种有利于该组织健康发展的非对抗性的合作关系。     

发挥非政府组织作用推进防震减灾工作

防震减灾工作是一项社会性的系统工程；非政府组织在社会管理和服务中发挥着重要的参与作用。非政府组织参与防震减灾工作，将使防震减灾工作受到事半功倍的效果。本文分析了非政府组织在防震减灾领域的作用，根据我国政府组织发展的实践，提出了在防震减灾管理工作发挥非政府组织作用的思路。     

论强化环境执法的监督机制

我国环境执法的软弱同一直没有根本改变。对通过环境执法的监督来强化环境执法工作的途径进行探讨，如环境执法，执法检查，行政监察，司法监督、内部监督，社会监督。     

福州内河水环境问题及综合治理建议

水环境是城市形象的具体体现,是城市规划与建设的一个重要组成部分.随着福州市的经济的不断发展,如何进一步加强福州市的生态建设、科学治理内河污染已成为福州市政府和人民关心的问题,也是环境工作者不可推卸的责任.文章介绍了福州城区内河现状及综合治理情况,分析了其存在的主要问题,并提出了内河水环境综合规划治理措施,为下阶段内河治理提供参考建议.     

中央政府投资城市污水处理厂的理论和实证分析

目前，城市污水处理厂的建设速度比较迟缓，地方政府建设城市污水处理厂积极性不高，针对这一现状，文章对城市污水处理厂的外部性和投资资金不足等原因进行了调查和分析，在城市基础设施建设资金不足的背景下，城市污水处理厂投资体制不能满足城市污水处理的需求，因此，城市污水处理厂的外部性和流域水污染防治的系统性要求中央政府承担建设城市污水处理厂的主要责任，另外，流域内社会经济发展的普遍不平衡，以及国外在城市污水处理厂投资方面的一些成功经验，都说明了中央政府投资城市污水处理厂的必要性。     

Coercive versus cooperative pollution control: Comparative study of state programs to reduce erosion and sedimentation pollution in urban areas

This article examines coercive and cooperative approaches to implementing state urban erosion and sedimentation pollution control programs. State administrators report serious shortfalls in their ability to control sources of pollution, but comparison of more and less successful programs provides evidence of what states can do to make programs more effective. Key ingredients for a successful state effort include the use of coercion with both the private sector and local government, adequate staffing, application of severe sanctions when violations of state standards are detected, and provision of technical assistance. Many state programs lack one or more of those elements, which explains their inability to adequately control urban erosion and sedimentation pollution.     

COUNTY COMMISSIONERS' WATER KNOWLEDGE1

ABSTRACT: This study examines the social construction of county commissioners' knowledge about water. Factors that influence what commissioners know about water include each commissioner's personal characteristics, education, experience in natural resources management, involvement in policy making, and use and evaluation of various sources of information. This study focused on county commissioners representing rural, mixed, and urban counties in Arizona, Nevada, and Utah and collected data through mail surveys and interviews. County commissioners in the survey were well educated; however, few had taken college courses directly addressing technical, management, or legal aspects of water issues. Approximately one-third had direct experience in farming and ranching; nearly two-thirds indicated that farming and ranching played a major role in their communities. Respondents had experience with a broad range of water policy issues. In evaluating thirteen information sources in terms of their frequency of use, relevancy, and reliability, respondents assessed fellow commissioners and local government staff and managers most positively and nonprofit organizations most negatively. The media was also broadly rated as less relevant and reliable than other sources of information. The commissioners in the study expressed a high level of general concern about water issues and a strung preference for local sources of information.     

互联网环境管理——一种新的环境管理方法

本文调查了我国官方环保网站的现状和存在的问题，提出了互联网环境管理的定义、功能、运作机制和官方环保网站的基本要求。     

Estimation of Regional, Local and Site-specific Profitability of Soil Conservation for the Wheat-Sheep Zone of New South Wales, Australia

Information about the net benefits of land degradation treatment is required at the relevant management level, such as regional, local or site-specific, to assist decision makers in the allocation of funds to soil conservation. In this paper, estimates of regional opportunity costs of erosion and costs of treatment are used to derive benefit-cost ratios to assess the profitability of gully erosion treatment for localities in the wheat-sheep zone of New South Wales. These results are then used to develop site-specific models which predict benefit-cost ratios of treatment from land attributes including gully length, slope, soil type and land use. These predictive models form the basis of a rapid appraisal method to aid soil conservation decisions.