环境保护公信体系构架和建设的探索

本文对环境保护的公信体系建设进行了探索。首先，对环境保护公信体系的概念作出了解释；其次，对环境保护公信体系的建设内容、建设框架做出了思考；最后，在对环境保护公信体系的建设方法方面，结合电子政务系统的优势，探索了建立电子环境保护公信体系平台的可能性。     

成本倒逼:政府机构节能管理新思路

从政府机构节能的紧迫性出发。基于“企业化政府”理论和政府机构节能管理工作存在的问题。分析了将“成本倒逼法”引入政府机构节能管理工作的理论依据和现实基础。论证“成本倒遇法”在政府机构节能管理工作中的实际应用。     

Incorporation of environmental issues in South Africa’s municipal Integrated Development Plans

The transition to full democracy in South Africa in 1994 saw local government becoming the focal point for dealing with socio-economic development needs of communities. The Integrated Development Plan (IDP) has been used as the tool for guiding local development objectives, balanced against environmental demands within a sustainable development paradigm. Here we examine the extent to which this is being achieved through an analysis of IDPs from 35 different municipalities at three scales. We test the hypothesis that the metropolitan municipalities are better at mainstreaming environmental issues into their IDPs than local and district municipalities. Results indicate that mainstreaming environmental issues in IDPs is still low. The hypothesis that metropoles are better at mainstreaming environmental issues than district and local municipalities was not accepted since there were no significant differences between municipalities. There was low relative budget allocations and inclusion of vision and mission statements that mainstream environmental issues in all municipalities. For mainstreaming of environmental issues to be effective in IDPs, both proactive approaches and multi-faceted bottom-up and top-down approaches are suggested.     

地方政府短期行为对环境管理的制约及其对策

经济体制转型期,地方政府的短期行为为给基层环境管理带来一系列负面影响,这是造成目前地方环境问题的重要因素之一。这个问题的存在,有思想、体制、管理、监督诸方面的原困,必须相应采取措施防止和克服地方政府短期行为对环境管理的制约。     

生态文明建设的善治结构:三明治模型

在评析西方社会变革"三明治模型"的基础上,将其扩展应用于生态文明建设。借鉴西方社会变革的成功经验,基于我国实际构建生态文明建设的善治结构设计,构建了由生态政府、生态社会和生态公民协同至善的"三明治模型",并详细阐述了这一模型的动态演进过程和治理运行机制,为深化这一领域的研究提供了新视角和新思路。在生态文明建设的善治结构中,生态政府的重要职责是增强国家力量,生态企业发挥主责作用,生态公民的草根运动则是最广泛的基础。     

农牧民响应政府主导生态建设工程的外部不经济性——以江西山江湖和青海三江源为例

选择两大典型的生态建设工程,使用参与式农村评估方法,从农牧民认知的角度,旨在查明可能诱发的外部不经济性,结果表明:①山江湖区农户参与行为的直接外部不经济性易于调整,而三江源区的则很难受控调节;②山江湖区农户参与行为的潜在外部性主要受外出转产参与或就地寻找新生计来源渠道所驱动,而三江源区虽然牧民畜群结构、成年母畜比例等也受草地退化的胁迫,但它们与草地退化间的关系内生性较强;③山江湖区农户对管理行为介入所诱发的大概率外部不经济性有更为清醒的认识且能科学定性评价,而三江源区牧民转产所导致的大概率外部不经济性则很可能促使移民选择返牧;④山江湖区农户参与行为调整带来的小概率外部不经济性体现为气候变化的驱动,具有不可抗拒性,而三江源区牧民行为调整所诱发的小概率外部不经济性则受外部经济或产业引进的影响,有一定的可调控性。研究有助于弄清两大生态建设工程中农牧民参与行为所诱发外部不经济性的可比性及适应性行为调整的可借鉴性。     

社会化危化品应急救援队伍建设和服务模式探索

当前我国危化品行业事故频发,特别是危险源高度聚集的化工园区,风险因素的复杂性和事故后果的不确定性要求更高标准的应急救援力量为园区提供保障。提出了“企办政助”的社会化应急救援队伍建设模式,以大亚湾石化应急管理公司为实践主体,对危化品应急救援队伍建设机制和装备配备分析阐述,并对有偿性应急救援服务的开展进行了探索,初步形成了危化品“队伍培训-应急救援-有偿服务”的业务模式,为各级安全监管部门制定应急相关政策和标准提供了实践支持,亦对其他危化品应急救援队伍建设和培训有一定的借鉴参考价值。     

UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IMPLEMENT PUBLIC POLICY RURAL COMMUNITY ACTION WITH A WATER DEVELOPMENT PROJECT1

ABSTRACT: This report summarizes the findings of a ten week study made by the eight member Urban and Environmental Studies Program student staff of the Rock Creek Area Community Projects Board to assist the Village in its search for funds to improve its inadequate water and sewage systems. The ten year history of the Village of Rock Creek in its previous attempts to secure funding from outside sources is summarized. An analysis of federal funding programs’criteria is developed. Recommendations and a step by step analysis of how to precure these funds by the Village Council is presented. This report highlights the ten week activity which successfully produced earmarked federal funds for the Village's water project.     

关于实行企业安全生产年审制的思考

在经济体制改革后 ,政府转变职能 ,企业转换经营机制 ,企业与政府脱钩 ,政府放权予企业 ,由企业自主经营、自负盈亏 ,企业成为独立核算的法人。按照权、责统一和管生产必须管安全、谁主管谁负责的原则 ,企业的安全生产从企业与政府共同管理转移到自主管理 ,政府及其有关主管部门从管理向监督转变 ,政府与企业的关系由隶属关系变成监督与被监督的关系。随着社会主义市场经济的进一步发展和日益完善 ,安全生产面临前所未有的新情况。在新的形势下 ,如何建立安全生产的长效机制 ,是当前安全生产亟待解决的重要课题。笔者针对安全生产监督与管理上存在的问题 ,有针对性地提出了实行企业安全生产年审制的建议 ,认为建立企业安全生产年审制是切合当前实际的安全对策 ,并对如何实施这一对策进行了初步的探讨。     

Canadian mineral policy debated : Industry reaction to a major federal initiative

The debate on mineral policy between the Canadian federal government and the mining industry is reviewed and policy-making emerges as necessarily an adversarial process. The Canadian federal system provides major obstacles to the formulation of a national mineral policy but does not exclude it. It is argued that industry should play a more pro-active part in mineral policy formulation, seeking with governments a clear hierarchical list of priorities against which discrete policy decisions can be evaluated.