垃圾填埋场加速稳定化表征指标的相关性分析

加速稳定化表征指标是生物反应器填埋技术评价的重要内容。通过垃圾填埋室内模拟实验,研究不同运行工况下垃圾挥发性固体(VS)、生物可降解物(BDM)、纤维素(C)和纤维素/木质素(C/L)等组分指标的动态变化规律及其对加速稳定化进程的指示作用,进而探寻各指标之间的相关性,进一步筛选确定垃圾填埋场加速稳定化进程的核心表征指标。结果表明,垃圾组分VS、BDM、C和C/L的衰减符合一级反应动力学,其动态变化能够较为灵敏地指示渗滤液回灌和通风供氧对垃圾稳定化的显著加速作用,可作为垃圾填埋场加速稳定化进程的表征指标。VS、BDM、C和C/L相互之间具有良好的正线性相关性。BDM和C/L适宜作为垃圾填埋场加速稳定化进程的核心表征指标。     

南通市沿海开发水资源保障能力评价研究

以工程保障、社会经济保障、环境保障和效率保障作为南通市沿海开发水资源保障能力评价的准则层,以缺水率、有效灌溉面积率、单位GDP用水等12个指标作为指标层构建了南通市沿海开发水资源保障能力综合评价指标体系。采用层次分析法和专家评分法确定指标权重,通过加权平均确定综合评价值。评价结果为：南通市现状综合保障能力中等,未来在充分节水、保护环境、提高用水效率的前提下,水资源保障能力将有所提高。从分类保障情况看,全市工程保障能力最好而环境保障能力最差;从各行政区的保障能力看,如皋市综合保障能力最好,而海安和如东两县综合保障能力最差。最后对如何提高各地区水资源综合保障能力作了讨论     

江南丘陵山区农业规模化对水土流失的影响研究综述

农业规模经营是实现农业现代化的重要路径。为了探讨丘陵山区农业规模化发展对于水土流失的影响机理。通过文献综述法梳理相关研究,分析现有研究存在的不足,并提出研究展望。综观前人的研究可以得知:(1)农业规模经营的效益、政策与推动机制等状况;(2)丘陵山区水土流失的影响因素乃为自然因素与人为因素交互作用的结果,以及农业活动对水土流失的影响;(3)水土流失的调查、监测与影响因素的评估方法及仿真模拟。最后,提出5点研究展望:(1)构建丘陵山区水土流失驱动力模型;(2)建立丘陵山区农业规模化对水土流失的影响评估指标体系;(3)甄别影响程度及其时空差异;(4)丘陵山区农业规模化的水土流失效应模拟反演;(5)提出丘陵山区水土资源可持续利用的农业规模化政策建议。以期对我国丘陵山区发展适度农业规模化与可持续发展研究提供科学参考。     

城市规划环境影响评价指标体系综述

城市规划是实施城市可持续发展战略的重要载体。城市规划环境影响评价的内容应集中体现在评价指标体系上。本文首先将城市规划环评指标分为总体规划和下位规划(专业规划、详细规划)两个层面,再分别系统论述城市总体规划和专业规划环评指标体系主要内容和结构,指出当前城市规划环评指标体系建立、内容、实施、总体与下位规划协调等方面的问题,奠定城市规划环评指标体系研究基础并为未来研究指明方向。     

餐厨垃圾单相厌氧酸化系统恢复参数

针对现今餐厨垃圾单相厌氧酸化系统缺乏有效的恢复性监控指标,提出可有效表征酸化系统恢复的监控指标。在中温条件下,连续对餐厨垃圾单相厌氧消化系统进行负荷冲击及恢复,分别对p H、沼气产率及成分、挥发性脂肪酸组成成分、总碱度(TA)和碳酸氢盐碱度(BA)及其组合指标进行监测分析。结果表明,传统单因子参数不能有效地指示系统恢复,选取VFA/BA和丙酸/乙酸的比值作为餐厨垃圾单相厌氧酸化系统恢复指示性参数。在酸化系统恢复过程中,当丙酸/乙酸≤1.4、VFA/BA≤0.4时,表明系统中各种挥发酸浓度值已恢复正常,且具有足够的缓冲能力,可提高反应器负荷,保证反应器恢复启动运行。     

Research on central village selection in western underdeveloped region: a case study of Lidian Town,Jingning County,Gansu Province,China

Central village selection is the priority of small town construction. Depending on the development potential analysis, classification analysis, and quantitative and qualitative analysis, this article systematically proposes the specific methods of central village selection and also constructs the indicator system used in central village selection in small towns of western underdeveloped region in China. The article also puts forward ideas and methods for selection of central village in the western underdeveloped region through an empirical research on Lidian Town, Jingning County, Gansu Province. In the final part, suggestions and recommendations on how to develop central village for Lidian Town are made.     

Application of an early warning indicator and CaO to maximize the time–space-yield of an completely mixed waste digester using rape seed oil as co-substrate

In order to increase the organic loading rate (OLR) and hereby the performance of biogas plants an early warning indicator (EWI-VFA/Ca) was applied in a laboratory-scale biogas digester to control process stability and to steer additive dosing. As soon as the EWI-VFA/Ca indicated the change from stable to instable process conditions, calcium oxide was charged as a countermeasure to raise the pH and to bind long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) by formation of aggregates. An interval of eight days between two increases of the OLR, which corresponded to 38% of the hydraulic residence time (HRT), was sufficient for process adaptation. An OLR increase by a factor of three within six weeks was successfully used for biogas production. The OLR was increased to 9.5 kg volatile solids (VS) m^?3 d^?1 with up to 87% of fat. The high loading rates affected neither the microbial community negatively nor the biogas production process. Despite the increase of the organic load to high rates, methane production yielded almost its optimum, amounting to 0.9 m³ (kg VS)^?1. Beneath several uncharacterized members of the phylum Firmicutes mostly belonging to the family Clostridiaceae, a Syntrophomonas-like organism was identified that is known to live in a syntrophic relationship to methanogenic archaea. Within the methanogenic group, microorganisms affiliated to Methanosarcina, Methanoculleus and Methanobacterium dominated the community.     

煤炭产业物质流核算的指标体系构建研究

循环经济落实到实处,不仅需要从技术端不断推进新技术在生产活动各领域的应用,更需要一个整体的资源和能源管理体系.物质流核算即是通过对国家、地区或产业的实物流的核算,理清资源和能源使用过程.通过针对循环经济发展较为成熟的煤炭产业进行物质流核算的指标体系构建,找到一些建立物质流核算体系的思路,并提出具体政策建议.     

Fecal coliforms, caffeine and carbamazepine in stormwater collection systems in a large urban area

Water samples from streams, brooks and storm sewer outfall pipes that collect storm waters across the Island of Montréal were analyzed for caffeine, carbamazepine and fecal coliforms. All samples contained various concentrations of these tracers, indicating a widespread sanitary contamination in urban environments. Fecal coliforms and caffeine levels ranged over several orders of magnitude with a modest correlation between caffeine and fecal coliforms (R² value of 0.558). An arbitrary threshold of 400 ng caffeine L⁻¹ allows us to identify samples with an elevated fecal contamination, as defined by more than 200 colony-forming units per 100 mL (cfu 100 mL⁻¹) of fecal coliforms. Low caffeine levels were sporadically related to high fecal coliform counts. Lower levels of caffeine and fecal coliforms were observed in the brooks while the larger streams and storm water discharge points contained over ten times more. The carbamazepine data showed little or no apparent correlation to caffeine. These data suggest that this storm water collection system, located in a highly urbanized urban environment, is widely contaminated by domestic sewers as indicated by the ubiquitous presence of fecal contaminants as well as caffeine and carbamazepine. Caffeine concentrations were relatively well correlated to fecal coliforms, and could potentially be used as a chemical indicator of the level of contamination by sanitary sources. The carbamazepine data was not significantly correlated to fecal coliforms and of little use in this dataset.     

从安全生产指标体系透视企业安全管理重点

通过分析安全生产指标体系框架构成,提出了与企业安全管理密切相关的安全指标,并分别从安全管理制度指标、风险评价指标、安全培训指标、安全信息指标、安全检查指标、应急管理指标、事故管理指标和相关方管理指标八个方面分析了企业安全管理工作重点。提出建议,企业的安全管理重点工作一方面应根据安全生产指标体系内容确定,另一方面应结合业务领域和工艺设备技术的更新进行调整,以更好地实现安全生产。