有机农药对土壤的污染及生物修复技术研究

农药的大量使用污染了大气、水体及生态系统。有机农药以直接施用、拌种、喷撒、随降水落入等方式进入土壤。农药在土壤中会以吸附、扩散稀释和降解等几种方式发生转化，并改变土壤结构、对土壤中生物的生存及酶的活性产生影响。生物修复技术可以通过动植物、微生物及根际环境对农药污染的降解来治理土壤中的农药，是治理农药污染的一种推荐方法。     

电吸附对水中盐类、氨氮、COD的去除效果分析

电吸附技术作为高效、环境友好型的除盐、除氨氮技术，可应用与水的深度处理领域内。为了使污水回用达到工业用水的水质标准，对电吸附去除水中盐类、氨氮、COD的效果进行分析，结果表明，电吸附设备处理不同氨氮浓度的废水，对中低浓度的氨氮去除效果稳定，当进水氨氮浓度低于20 mg/L时，处理后出水氨氮浓度低于5 mg/L，COD浓度小于25 mg/L，达到回用标准；随着进水盐浓度的增大电吸附处理效果逐渐变差，在电导率低于2 500 μS/cm时除盐率在75%左右，氨氮去除率达到70%左右，COD去除率达到60%左右。经电吸附处理后的低氨氮浓度废水，TDS、氨氮浓度均可达到工业回用水标准。     

安徽省旅游业转型升级对策研究

随着我国经济增长结构和产业增长方式调整转变，旅游业转型升级成为提高旅游业经济效益，实现旅游业可持续发展的必然要求。在全面分析安徽省旅游业转型升级背景的基础上，结合安徽省旅游业转型升级的优势条件与制约因素，提出安徽省旅游业在旅游产业结构、旅游产品、旅游企业、旅游市场、旅游人才等方面转型升级的路径与对策。     

珠三角地区造纸行业排水中二 NFDA1 英(PCDD/Fs)特征分析

研究采用¹³C同位素内标稀释定量法,高分辨气相色谱质谱法(HRGC-HRMS)对珠三角地区造纸行业排水中PCDD/Fs特征进行了分析。结果表明,该地区造纸行业PCDD/Fs含量为:4.75~80.05 pg/L,且以OCDD占主导地位;同时该类行业PCDD/Fs的TEQ为:0.21~2.02 pg TEQ/L。最后通过对该类行业排水中PCDD/Fs的TEQ年排放量进行讨论,其结果为0.30~12.97 mg TEQ,且年平均排放量(4.42 mgTEQ)只占我国造纸行业TEQ总排放量的很小一部分。     

陕西省产业结构演变的城市化响应地域差异分析

将产业结构演变的城市化响应系数作为衡量区域产业结构演变城市化响应强度的变量指标，运用变异系数和离差分析方法对陕西省产业结构演变的城市化响应进行类型划分，可划分为强响应区、中等响应区、弱响应区三种类型区；运用广义脉冲响应法对三种类型区分别进行产业结构演变城市化响应系数与各影响因素之间相关性的动态研究，探讨陕西省产业结构演变的城市化响应时至差异性。     

乡镇工业企业的职业安全卫生工作亟待加强管理

说明目前乡镇工业企业中职业安全卫生问题十分突出。据调查，厂矿工伤事故发生率为８．２３％，每千名职工的工伤发生率为２．６６人，每十万名职工的工伤死亡率为７．０２人。通过对事故的原因进行分析，提出了加强监督管理的建议。     

Major hazards—Thinking the unthinkable

It is a common experience that public administrations tend to shy away from the explicit acknowledgment of quantitative risk levels. Faced with extreme concentrations of population and of industrial activities, including LPG and liquid chlorine storage, within a very small land area, Hong Kong has faced up to the issue of major man-made hazards by “thinking the unthinkable” and adopting explicit risk guidelines. This article describes how these guidelines were developed and the arguments that led to their adoption. It is emphasized that the risk guidelines are not rigid standards but simply a method of focusing decision making and ensuring that any decision to contravene the guidelines is taken at an appropriately senior level in the administration. The way in which the guidelines have been incorporated intimately into the planning and decision-making process is described and details are given on how this has led to the implementation of a variety of measures that have greatly reduced both societal and individual risk from certain types of chemical storage and chemical processing installations in Hong Kong. The opinions in this paper represent the views of the authors and not necessarily those of the Hong Kong Government.     

A Quantitative Safety Assessment Model For Transgenic Protein Products Produced In Agricultural Crops

Transgenic plants are now being used to develop pharmaceutical and industrial products in addition to their use in crop improvement. Using confinement requirements, these transgenic plants are grown and processed under conditions that prevent intermixing with commodity crops. Regulatory agencies in the United States have provided guidance of zero tolerance of these new industrial crops with commodity crops. While this is a worthy goal, it is theoretically unattainable. In spite of the best containment practices, there is a potential risk using any system of production due to unforeseen incidences including natural disasters or exposure to workers. The precautionary principle has been used for numerous regulated articles in addressing the potential risks of new products and technology based on a risk assessment in similar situations. We present here a risk assessment model that could be used as a start to develop an accepted model for the industry. The model is based on current risk models used for other regulated articles, but adapted for these types of products. This could be used to determine action levels in the event of an unintended exposure or to ensure that detection or confinement methods are adequate to avoid risks. As an example, aprotinin, a therapeutic protein now being produced in maize, was evaluated for potential risk to humans using this model.     

Atmospheric Levels of Nitrogen Oxides at a Greek Oil Refinery Compared with the Urban Measurements in Athens

Oil refining is among the industrial activities that emit considerable amounts of air pollutants into the atmosphere. Nitrogen oxides are important air pollutants that are emitted by oil refineries as products of combustion processes. The ambient air concentrations of nitrogen oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) were monitored continuously at a site close to an oil refinery, near the city of Corinth in Greece, during autumn 1997 together with the main meteorological parameters. The contribution of the oil refinery to the measured atmospheric levels of nitrogen oxides was estimated. The ambient air concentration of nitrogen oxides in the area surrounding the oil refinery were generally lower than the ambient air concentrations in the urban area of Athens in Greece, and the NO₂ levels were always below the existing air quality standards. The influence of the refinery emitted NO_x in the photochemical production of ozone seems to be more important in terms of human and vegetation exposure given the high ozone backgrounds measured in the area.     

化学工业园区规划环评指标体系初探

本文以某化工园区规划环评为例,根据化工区的行业特点,在总结国内外相关研究的基础上,探讨了化工园区规划环评指标体系设置原则和基本程序。在充分考虑了发展循环经济和生态工业、实现区域可持续发展、持续推进清洁生产等方面的基础上,通过基础指标初步筛选、多角度指标分析和专家咨询、公众参与等三个步骤的筛选,最终形成了一套适合于该化工园区规划环评指标体系。