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71.
72.
简述了环境监测机构监测能力的内涵以及监测能力认定的依据。指出,监测机构应保证其各项能力的持久性,才能确保其正常运作。其中,监测人员、仪器设备、监测方法等因素会造成监测能力中断。因此,监测机构应注重人才的培养和储备,加强仪器设备的日常维护、保障仪器运维资金的投入,及时做好监测方法变更,探索新的管理模式,维持监测能力,促进监测机构稳定持续发展。 相似文献
73.
江素芳 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2012,22(2):86-88
高校隐性财务风险形成的原因主要集中在规模贷款和财务管理,突出表现在财务监控机制缺乏或不完善、财务管理缺乏系统的评价指标和风险意识等。规避、控制高校隐性财务风险,可通过促进资金来源多元化、加强监管、维持预算平衡、严格贷款程序、建立财务评价指标体系、推进财务管理信息化的渠道来实现。 相似文献
74.
Tanzania, arguably mainland Africa's most important nation for conservation, is losing habitat and natural resources rapidly. Moving away from a charcoal energy base and developing sustainable finance mechanisms for natural forests are critical to slowing persistent deforestation. Addressing governance and capacity deficits, including law enforcement, technical skills, and funding, across parts of the wildlife sector are key to effective wildlife protection. These changes could occur in tandem with bringing new models of natural resource management into play that include capacity building, corporate payment for ecosystem services, empowering nongovernmental organizations in law enforcement, greater private‐sector involvement, and novel community conservation strategies. The future of Tanzania's wildlife looks uncertain—as epitomized by the current elephant crisis—unless the country confronts issues of governance, embraces innovation, and fosters greater collaboration with the international community. 相似文献
75.
Contemporary strategies for natural resource management espouse the need to integrate local people and their livelihood needs into biodiversity conservation projects to achieve sustainable ‘development and ecological integrity’. Valuation of natural resource use provides empirical evidence and conceptual arguments of local people's dependence on these resources, which could be factored into biodiversity conservation planning. Based on household surveys and key informant interviews, this study looked at the contribution of dryland natural resources to the livelihoods of two culturally different but neighbouring communities, the San and Mier, bordering Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, South Africa. Overall, natural resources represented an important livelihood source for the San, contributing on an average 32% of total annual income, compared to 9% for the Mier. Fuelwood was the predominant contributor to natural resource incomes in both cases. Income quintile analysis showed that dependence on natural resources decreased moving to higher income groups for Mier households, but increased with income for San households. Well-off households still derived higher total income from natural resources; often from the more lucrative sources of such income, notably from fuelwood sales. Contextual factors such as culture and social institutions, among others, influenced access to, and consequently the use of, particular resources and the value of these to households. Sustainable natural resource management interventions should consider these disparities in patterns of natural resource dependence among different income groups. 相似文献
76.
安全培训是企业安全生产的一项重要的基础性工作,为提高员工安全生产技能、强化安全防范意识、切实提高安全培训效果,围绕企业中的安全培训问题,以对安全培训现状的概述为基础,通过对新员工,接触新设备、新工艺、新技术的员工,从事特种作业的员工等3类特殊群体的安全培训问题深入分析,最后提出意见对策。 相似文献
77.
Wetland socio-ecological systems provide livelihood benefits for many poor people throughout the developing world, yet their sustainable development requires local utilisation strategies that balance both environmental and development outcomes. Community-based local institutional arrangements that mediate peoples’ relationships with their environment and facilitate adaptive co-management offer one means of achieving this, and increasingly many NGOs and development practitioners have sought to integrate local institutional capacity building into development projects. In the context of wider academic debates surrounding the long-term sustainability of externally facilitated local institutions, this article draws on the experiences of the three-year Striking a Balance (SAB) project in Malawi which sought to embed sustainable wetland management practices within community-based local institutional arrangements. Drawing on field data collected through participatory methods at three project sites some 5 years after the cessation of project activities, we examine the extent to which SAB’s local institutional capacity building has been successful, and from this draw some lessons for externally driven project interventions which seek win-win outcomes for people and the environment. With reference to Elinor Ostrom’s design principles for long-enduring common property resource institutions, we suggest that the observed declining effectiveness of SAB’s local institutions can be attributed to issues of stakeholder inclusiveness and representations; their sustainability was arguably compromised from their inception on account of them being nested within pre-existing, externally driven village ‘clubs’ whose membership and decision-making was not congruent with all the wetland stakeholders within the community. 相似文献
78.
构建科学、准确、有效的量值溯源体系是实验室质量管理的重要内容。在国家市场监督管理总局新发布的《实施强制管理的计量器具目录》中,涉及环境监测用途的类别大幅度减少。在此背景下,研究介绍了量值溯源中检定和校准的差异及适用范围,强调不应将检测作为量值溯源的方式。分类比较了国内现有具备量传能力的计量技术机构,对目前生态环境监测领域量值溯源技术方法与实际使用需求脱节、计量服务供给侧响应不及时的短板进行了总结。建议各专业计量技术委员会加快制修订相关计量技术法规,各计量技术机构及时更新和建立相关计量标准,从而更好地满足环境检测机构对计量器具量值管理的需求。 相似文献
79.
W. R. Derrick Sewell Lorna R. Barr 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1978,14(2):337-348
ABSTRACT: Water management in England and Wales has undergone a major transformation in the past three decades, and especially under the 1963 and 1973 legislation. It has witnessed a shift from local to national responsibility, an integration of functions, and a move towards the incorporation of economic principles into water policies. For some observers the new legislation appeared to be “pioneering” and “farsighted.” There is little doubt it has resulted in many beneficial changes. But not all the goals have been achieved. Modifications of the 1973 legislation are already in prospect. This article reviews the progress to date and comments on the problems now to be faced. 相似文献
80.
This article discusses ways in which the South African Government and grassroots organizations envisage and implement democracy achieved since 1994 in the field of water resources management. The focus is on the democratic, political and economic freedom and equality in resource rights for poor black women, who are central to poverty eradication. While the new water policy and law provide an enabling framework for achieving these goals, implementation on the ground encounters both new opportunities and constraints. This is illustrated by several cases of establishing South Africa's new water management institutions: catchment management agencies and water user associations. The important nexus between state‐led democratization of water resources management and bottom‐up grassroots movements is also discussed. The article concludes that the Government's affirmative and targeted intervention is indispensable for redressing gender inequalities and eradicating poverty. 相似文献