对加强我国环保产品结构调整的几点思考

本文针对当前环保产业调整中存在的问题,提出了需要解决的五个方面和应处理好的几个关系。     

推进环保产业结构调整的思考

文章对环保产业结构调整要解决的问题进行了分析,指出产业结构调整必须符合市场经济要求的布局和流通结构,只有建立现代化的企业制度,企业才能有活力。     

喷嘴夹持及升降调节安全自动操作装置的研究与设计

介绍了喷嘴实验室的发展情况和武钢技术中心喷嘴试验室建设要求 ,进行了喷嘴夹持及升降调节安全自动操作装置的方案选择、结构设计及主要几何计算 ,分析了它的特点     

Contradictory results in sex ratio studies: populations do not necessarily differ

In avian sex ratio studies, results often differ between species and between populations within species. Some researchers argued that positive results were simply statistical artefacts and that sex ratio adjustment did not exist. However, many of the proposed mechanisms of sex ratio adjustment result in costly laying gaps. In these cases, females laying large clutches may restrict the sex manipulation to the first egg of the clutch. Consequently, detectability of sex ratio adjustment on the level of the clutch can be low. Though obvious, this fact is often neglected in the literature. Using simulations, I show that the proportion of undetected sex manipulation can be surprisingly high when the manipulation is restricted to the first egg. If the sample size is 50 broods, there is 47% and 71% chance in 6- and 12-egg clutches, respectively, that sex manipulation is undetected. Even with large samples (n = 100), the figures are 15% and 46%. These data suggest that nonsignificant results for clutch sex ratios do not necessarily mean that sex is not manipulated in a portion of the brood, e.g. in first-laid eggs. Hence, whenever possible, data on laying order-specific sex manipulation should also be collected. Without such data, contradictory results on brood sex ratios should be interpreted cautiously.     

Retiring: Role identity processes in retirement transition

Retirement transition has become a prolonged process of adaptation, including changes in role identity. However, there is a dearth of research on the process by which retirees cope with the role transition, including how pre-retirement role identities shape the transition, the forms of identity work undertaken by retirees, and the unfolding nature of retirement transition. In an in-depth qualitative examination of the transition process, we identify pre-retirement role identity profiles based on work and nonwork role identities. We then examine how pre-retirement role identities influence the transition process, including the nature of identity work in transition and the transition pathways demonstrated by retirees. Our findings provide insights into strengths and limitations afforded by pre-retirement identities: They facilitate agentic coping in which retirees shed old and adopt new identities but also impose inertia and prolong the transition until identity crises force the retirees to undergo identity exploration and adoption of new identities.     

区划调整后巢湖水污染治理的机遇与挑战——基于排污权交易的巢湖水质管理研究

巢湖是中国典型的富营养化湖泊,为国家"三河三湖"重点水污染防治流域之一。行政区划调整为巢湖治污带来了机遇与挑战。在巢湖流域开展排污权交易将是回应区划调整、优化配置环境资源的积极举措。     

长春市膳食水足迹研究

食物是居民日常生活首要的消费品,膳食水足迹能反映一个地区对水资源的利用情况。根据长春市2000年一2009年城乡居民膳食消费量,量化长春市城乡居民膳食水足迹,分析其特征。10年来长春市城乡居民膳食水足迹差异在逐渐减小,城镇居民的多样性指数始终高于农村居民,但差值逐渐减小,城乡居民膳食水足迹存在巨大差距,不公平现象很明显。探讨不同膳食消费模式下水资源的节约量,为长春市合理利用水资源提供依据。     

气象、本地光化学生成和外围传输对长沙市2018～2020年臭氧污染趋势变化影响的识别

针对湖南省臭氧(O₃)污染加剧但是相关的研究较为缺乏的现状,以长沙市为研究区域,基于观测数据,结合气象校正、基于经验的模型(EOF)和绝对得分受体模型(APCs),识别量化了2018～2020年气象、本地光化学生成和外围传输对O₃污染相对贡献的影响,分析了2018～2019年和2019～2020年O₃趋势变化的主控因素.结果表明,短期范围内,气象条件是O₃污染事件发生的重要诱发因素.对长沙市整体来说,在时间上,2018～2019年期间,气象和本地前体物排放影响作用的增强是O₃浓度升高的关键驱动因子.2019～2020年期间,气象、本地前体物排放和外围传输影响均呈现下降的趋势,是导致O₃浓度降低的重要影响因素.空间上,2018～2020年时间段,气象、本地前体物排放和外围传输主要影响区域分别为长沙市偏东、偏北和偏南部区域.其中,外围传输的作用持续减弱,2018～2019年期间,长沙市北部天然源排放水平的升高使得O₃浓度上升,南部区域NO...     

新时期国土空间安全背景下的空间规划系统思考

当前,国土空间治理模式正由原空间规划“集群”向统一的国土空间规划转变,国土空间安全这一空间发展底线问题成为规划各界热议的焦点。基于系统理论,梳理了国土空间及其规划系统,重点分析了具有什么系统性质的空间规划才能更好地保障国土空间安全。研究表明：（1）国土空间规划完善的法律体系与科学的系统接口是保障国土空间系统安全的关键; （2）国土空间规划立法,应构建以国土空间规划法作为基本法,形成以法律法规、标准体系为核心的结构清晰、内容统一的法规体系,以使空间规划系统结构合理;（3）系统接口方面,建立以硬件接口和软件接口为主要类型、国土空间规划全生命周期为核心的三维系统接口,实现“五级三类四体系”的三维衔接。     

中国粮食作物种植结构调整及其水土资源利用效应

粮食种植结构调整会影响农业资源的消耗需求。20世纪90年代中后期以来,玉米在我国粮食生产中的地位明显提升。以粮食种植结构无调整为参照情景,一定产量下,1996-2015年,在国家层面,因粮食种植结构调整对水土资源消耗的节省量约占现期需求量的4%左右。在区域层面,从结构调整对种植面积的减省效应看,耕地资源相对丰富的北方地区明显高于南方地区;从对水资源消耗的减省效应看,北方贫水区也普遍高于南方地区,干旱度最高的西北地区最高。期间区域分品种粮食生产广泛受到作物种植比例变化的影响。研究结果表明,要充分利用好南方水热资源,恢复水稻生产,主要取决于稻米需求及其种植效益,而北方地区则要尽可能按降水规律调整农作制度,合理控制水稻、小麦的种植面积。