高浓度合成香料废水的处理工艺研究

采用铁屑内电解-UASB-SBR-膜工艺处理高浓度香料废水,实验结果和工程实践都表明该工艺的处理效果比单纯的UASB和SBR组合工艺好,出水达到了中水回用水质标准,具有较高的应用价值和推广意义.     

臭氧对水稻叶片膜脂过氧化和抗氧化系统的影响

采用 OTC- 1型开顶式气室研究臭氧对不同生育时期水稻叶片膜脂过氧化和抗氧化系统的影响 .实验结果表明 ,随着臭氧浓度增加 ,水稻叶片叶绿素含量、叶绿素 a/b值下降 ,膜相对透性和丙二醛 (MDA)含量上升 ,过氧化物酶 (POD)活性逐渐上升 ,过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性开始被诱导上升 ,当浓度达到 200 nl· L^-1时反而下降 .叶绿素含量及叶绿素a/b值与 MDA含量呈显著负相关 ,膜透性与 MDA含量呈显著正相关 ,叶绿素含量与 POD活性呈负相关 .臭氧造成活性氧的产生和清除之间的失衡 ,加剧了膜脂过氧化作用 ,对水稻的膜系统产生了危害 ,降解叶绿素 ,加速叶片的老化 .     

大豆中磷脂的提取技术研究

用酶解法(羧酸水解酶)使大豆油中不溶于水的非水合磷脂转化为能溶于水的溶血性磷脂,使油脂中的磷含量小于或等于10×10-6,使用膜去除杂质后再离心分离。实验结果表明,使用膜技术和离心法联用的新工艺较为经济实惠,操作简单,附加值较高。     

Recent trends in treatment technologies of emerging contaminants

In the recent years a group of contaminants, known collectively as emerging contaminants (ECs), have attracted considerable attention due to their widespread in the environment, and lack of knowledge on their impacts on ecosystem and human health. This review gives an overview on the sources, impacts, and conventional treatment technologies of ECs and an in-depth review of the literature on the state-of-the-art treatment technologies and their performance in the removal of ECs from water sources and drinking water. A careful statistical analysis of the number of publications on the different treatment technologies of ECs was performed to identify the hot spots in this research area. Conventional treatment technologies are not able to remove ECs sufficiently. The discharge of raw or partially treated wastewater is the main source of ECs in the environment. The research in recent years is focusing on using advanced treatment process (AOPs), followed by adsorption and membrane technologies. From a technical point of view, AOPs surpass other treatment technologies as they can completely eradicate ECs without the generation of side products. Developing efficient, green, and cost-effective materials to be used as adsorbents, photocatalysts, membranes, or membrane fillers, is one of the main research trends nowadays. Combined AOPs based on exploiting solar light, ultrasound and electrochemistry are gaining growing interest and show high potential for the treatment of ECs.     

Tailor-made FAU zeolite composite membrane for wastewater treatment

In this work, a novel multipurpose Faujasite (FAU) zeolite composite membrane was fabricated by in-situ hydrothermal method to separate different solute molecules such as vanillic acid, phenol, and brilliant green from the aqueous solution. The coal fly ash based ceramic substrate was synthesized and used as substrate for preparing the zeolite composite membrane. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed the crystalline nature of membranes and the presence of Quartz and hematite in the composite membrane. The presence of Si-O and Al-O in zeolite coated composite membrane was confirmed by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed the porous structure and 8.34 μm thickness of zeolite coating on membrane. The isoelectric point of composite membrane was observed at pH 2.07 through zeta potential analysis. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, average pore volume and pore diameter of zeolite composite membrane were estimated as 6.406 m²/gm, 0.0070 cm³/gm, and 4.371 nm, respectively. The hydraulic pore radius and porosity of composite membranes were 27.7 nm and 20.1%. The maximum separation efficiency of FAU zeolite composite membrane towards vanillic acid, phenol and brilliant green was estimated as 78.67%, 89.13%, and 94.28%, respectively, for 200 mg/L feed concentration at 276 kPa applied pressure. The results obtained in this study reveals that the multipurpose FAU zeolite composite membrane fabricated in this study can be effectively used for separation of various solutes molecules present in the wastewater.     

基于氧猝灭的有机改性溶胶-凝胶微生物传感器测定BOD的研究

通过有机改性溶胶凝胶PVA包埋方法固定微生物菌株，以氧光化学传感器作为二次传感，制备了响应良好的光化学BOD微生物传感器．在此基础上，考察了微生物传感膜的活化浓度、温度、pH、无机盐及部分金属离子对传感器响应的影响．并对传感器的重现性、储存稳定性和线性范围进行了考察，实验结果表明BOD含量在0—100mg/L浓度范围内与传感器的荧光值成线性关系，传感膜的响应活性保持较好，具有较长的使用寿命和良好的稳定性．     

采用浸没式超滤膜技术处理东江水的中试研究

以混凝沉淀为预处理,通过中试试验,对浸没式超滤膜处理东江水的最佳运行方式进行了研究.考察了气洗周期为24h时,膜通量及浓缩液水质的变化规律.结果表明,过滤48h后,膜通量变化趋于平缓,气洗逐渐失去作用;除曝气后4h,浓缩液主要水质指标含量均接近或低于膜装置进水.对3种不同运行方式进行比较,认为水洗周期48h和气洗周期24h相结合的运行方式最为适宜,连续运行30d,单位水洗周期内的平均膜通量由39.8L/(m2·h)降至30.3L/(m2·h).     

中空纤维超滤膜处理油田清水注水中试

为提高注水水质,采用PVC合金中空纤维超滤膜进行了油田清水注水处理的现场中试试验,对超滤膜的工艺运行、影响因素和处理效果进行研究。确定了超滤膜用于清水注水的最佳运行参数。试验结果表明:水温与膜通量之间具有良好的正线性相关性;产水SS、TI、SRB和FB满足且优于SY/T5329-94《碎屑岩油藏注水水质推荐指标及分析方法》中的A1级标准,DO不满足A1级标准;产水量保持在40 m3/h左右,满足注水水量要求。     

膜基吸收恶臭气体H_2S的实验研究

选甲基二乙醇胺溶液为吸收剂,聚丙烯中空纤维膜作接触器,通过单因素实验研究膜基吸收恶臭气体H2S的影响因素。结果表明,吸收剂浓度对脱硫率影响明显,适当的吸收剂浓度是保证脱硫率的关键因素;进气速率增大可以提高传质系数、增强传质,但脱硫率降低;提高进气压力可以提高脱硫率,但不如吸收剂浓度影响大;吸收剂循环使用对脱硫率影响较大,应在满足出气要求的前提下,合理控制循环次数和循环比例。对含H2S347mg/m3的进气,实验得到的适宜的脱硫条件为:进气流速0.35m3/h、压力0.1MPa,吸收剂流量0.40m3/h、浓度3mol/L。在该条件下,单级膜组件脱硫率稳定在96%以上。     

暗处理对油菜子叶类囊体膜色素组成和荧光性质的影响

以蜀杂10号油菜为材料,播种7 d后分别置于自然光照条件和黑暗环境中进行暗处理,未处理油菜在d 5、d7、d 14、d 17、d 21、d 24和d 27时收集子叶,暗处理油菜于播种d 8、d 10、d 12和d 14时收集子叶.制备油菜子叶类囊体膜,分析色素含量,并进行类囊体膜丙酮抽提液窜温吸收光谱、叶绿素荧光发射和激发光谱以及蛋白质内源荧光光谱的分析.结果显示:与未处理油菜相比,暗处理引起油菜子叶类囊体膜光合色素Chl a和Chl b含量急剧减少,Chla/b比值和叶绿素/类胡萝卜素(Chl/Car)比值持续下降,类囊体膜对叶绿素的捕光能力和受激发能力降低,类囊体膜蛋白质内源荧光强度降低,以及色素蛋白复合物降解.上述结果表明,暗处理诱导油菜子叶快速进入衰老阶段,类囊体膜蛋白组成和色素的光合功能均发生了明显的变化.图10参23