Global warming related carbon dioxide abatement proposals

The relationship between man-made CO2 emission and atmospheric CO2 concentration has been established. The factors that affect CO2 reduction allotment and the impacts on future energy demand and supply were discussed, in order to help energy policy makers both in developed countries and in developing countries for understanding the fundamental constraint on energy sector resulted from global warming related CO2 reduction, and hopefully in finding a common objective starting point to deal with global warming negotiation in energy sector, and to investigate the optimum stabilization goal and process acceptable to all sovereign countries that based on equity and applicability.     

浦东新区大气气溶胶中碳颗粒的分布规律

采用元素相关性分析方法，找出浦东新区大气气溶胶中碳颗粒的污染源，确证该区大气中碳颗粒主要来自煤的燃烧。同时初步找出浦东新区大气中碳颗粒污染的时空分布和粒径分布规律，为改善浦东 新区大气污染状况提供依据。     

加压活性炭生物膜法处理DSD有机废水

采用加压活性炭生物膜法处理以对硝基甲苯磺酸盐为主的难降解的有机废水的研究,是在活性炭生物膜法处理有机废水基础上发展起来的新技术。本实验结果表明,在加压9.8×10~4Pa(1kgt/cm~2)的条件下,COD_(Cr)去除率为62％～70％,比常压活性炭生物膜法高20％～25％;其容积负荷Nv=1.7～2.9kgCOD/m~3·d,比一般活性污泥法高3～6倍。     

活性碳纤维吸附CS2蒸气的热力学研究

通过吸附热力学研究,计算出CS_2蒸气在活性碳纤维(ACF)上的吸附热、吸附功和吸附熵.结果表明,吸附属物理吸附范畴,所用吸附剂样品表面是不均匀的.     

Comparison of UV-based advanced oxidation processes for the removal of different fractions of NOM from drinking water

This study examined the effectiveness for degradation of hydrophobic (HPO), transphilic (TPI) and hydrophilic (HPI) fractions of natural organic matter (NOM) during UV/H₂O₂, UV/TiO₂ and UV/K₂S₂O₈ (UV/PS) advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The changing characteristics of NOM were evaluated by dissolved organic carbon (DOC), the specific UV absorbance (SUVA), trihalomethanes formation potential (THMFP), organic halogen adsorbable on activated carbon formation potential (AOXFP) and parallel factor analysis of excitation–emission matrices (PARAFAC-EEMs). In the three UV-based AOPs, HPI fraction with low molecular weight and aromaticity was more likely to degradate than HPO and TPI, and the removal efficiency of SUVA for HPO was much higher than TPI and HPI fraction. In terms of the specific THMFP of HPO, TPI and HPI, a reduction was achieved in the UV/H₂O₂ process, and the higest removal rate even reached to 83%. UV/TiO₂ and UV/PS processes can only decrease the specific THMFP of HPI. The specific AOXFP of HPO, TPI and HPI fractions were all able to be degraded by the three UV-based AOPs, and HPO content is more susceptible to decompose than TPI and HPI content. UV/H₂O₂ was found to be the most effective treatment for the removal of THMFP and AOXFP under given conditions. C1 (microbial or marine derived humic-like substances), C2 (terrestrially derived humic-like substances) and C3 (tryptophan-like proteins) fluorescent components of HPO fraction were fairly labile across the UV-based AOPs treatment. C3 of each fraction of NOM was the most resistant to degrade upon the UV-based AOPs. Results from this study may provide the prediction about the consequence of UV-based AOPs for the degradation of different fractions of NOM with varied characteristics.     

非溶解态胡敏酸对土壤中硬碳有机质解吸多环芳烃的影响

土壤有机碳是控制土壤中多环芳烃的吸附解吸及其生物有效性的主要因素之一,土壤中硬碳类吸附剂是土壤有机碳中的重要部分,土壤中软碳类物质和硬碳类物质的相互作用对研究土壤中多环芳烃的解吸行为和生物有效性有重要影响。研究将溶解有机质胡敏酸,通过条件的变化使其转变为非溶解态,研究其对土壤碳质吸附剂(胡敏素和黑碳)吸附多环芳烃的解吸行为的影响。研究结果表明:非溶解态胡敏酸会显著降低土壤硬碳类物质中多环芳烃的解吸能力,解吸滞后性增加,作者认为非溶解态胡敏酸的添加会覆盖土壤硬碳类物质的表面吸附位点和填充吸附多环芳烃的孔隙,造成硬碳类有机质中的多环芳烃解吸能力下降,滞后性增强。研究还发现硬碳类有机质的比表面积和孔隙度和解吸能力的变化强度呈正相关关系。     

Long-term nitrogen and phosphorus removal,shifts of functional bacteria and fate of resistance genes in bioretention systems under sulfamethoxazole stress

To understand the long-term performance of bioretention systems under sulfamethoxazole (SMX) stress, an unplanted bioretention system (BRS) and two modified BRSs with coconut-shell activated carbon (CAC) and CAC/zero-valent-iron (Fe0) granules (CAC-BRS and Fe/CAC-BRS) were established. Both CAC-BRS and Fe/CAC-BRS significantly outperformed BRS in removing total nitrogen (TN)(CAC-BRS:82.48%; Fe/CAC-BRS:78.08%; BRS:47.51%), total phosphorous (TP)(CAC-BRS:79.36%; Fe/CAC-BRS:98.26%; BRS:41.99%),and...     

SO2在碳钢初期大气腐蚀中的作用

通过自建的模拟大气腐蚀系统,借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM/EDX)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和x-射线光电子能谱(XPS),研究了SO2对碳钢初期大气腐蚀行为的影响,并进一步用原子力显微镜从更微观的角度观察了在SO2环境中初期阶段腐蚀形貌变化.研究结果表明:在SO2污染大气环境中,随SO2浓度的升高碳钢腐蚀加快.在体积分数为5×10(-6)SO2的大气环境中,碳钢和耐候钢表面腐蚀主要以条状物生长,随着SO2浓度的升高,腐蚀产物的形貌发生改变,在体积分数为5×10(-5)SO2的大气环境中,条状锈和胞状锈同时生长.在锈层中S元素以FeSO4·4H2O的形式存在,腐蚀产物中还有γ-FeOOH.SO2在初期阶段加速了碳钢的腐蚀,降低了碳钢的耐蚀性.     

考虑环空压力的生产套管CO2腐蚀速率预测

目的 预测考虑环空压力条件下不同产量、温度变化碳钢套管的腐蚀速率.方法 利用优化的经典半经验模型对碳钢套管的腐蚀速率进行预测.明确海洋环境碳钢套管CO2腐蚀的机理,找出海水中生产套管发生腐蚀的主要影响因素及腐蚀机理,通过CO2溶解度模型优化腐蚀速率预测模型,考虑温度、环空压力、产量等变化对腐蚀的影响规律,预测生产套管的腐蚀速率.结果 计算了产量变化后环空的压力分布,产量越大,环空压力相对越大,但产量增大到一定值后,环空压力的增加不再明显.产量会影响环空的温度分布,而温度的变化又关系着热膨胀压力,影响套管的腐蚀速率.通过高温高压室内腐蚀实验验证了腐蚀预测模型的可靠性,对比实验结果 ,模型的预测误差在10％以内,满足现场腐蚀预测需要.结论 产量、温度、CO2溶解度、环空压力等因素均对腐蚀有较大影响,考虑环空压力变化条件下生产套管总体的腐蚀速率远超NACE标准中度腐蚀的0.125 mm/a,需要采取一定的缓蚀措施.     

巢湖地区早三叠世碳氧同位素地层对比及其古生态环境意义

二叠纪—三叠纪之交的环境恶化事件不但导致了生物大绝灭,而且造成了自然界正常的碳循环崩溃。为了研究三叠纪早期生物复苏过程中的环境特征、碳氧同位素演化上的地层学意义,对巢湖平顶山西坡剖面下三叠统碳酸盐岩取样分析。研究结果表明,巢湖平顶山西坡剖面早三叠世碳氧同位素地层曲线与已知的平顶山北坡剖面碳氧同位素地层曲线相似。δ13C值在Induan阶、Olenekian阶底部首先表现为大幅度负漂,随后呈上升趋势。δ18O值除了表现出1Ma的周期性波动之外,与δ13C低值区对应处也具负偏趋势。δ13C、δ18O值的演化趋势反映了早三叠世海洋环境恶化、生物复苏十分缓慢。