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101.
102.
在我国大中城市,污水处理厂的不断兴建使污泥处理问题应运而生。采用混合整数优化模型可以解决污泥处理厂的科学选址问题,达到科学布点、合理运输、节省投资费用的目的。在传统厂群规划模型的基础上将目标规划、周密的约束条件等融于其中,并采用对于线形规划和非线性规划问题适用的LINGO软件进行求解。根据东莞市拟建的36个污水处理厂污泥产生预测情况,对污泥处理厂的设置进行了分析预测,详细对比了建一个、两个、三个污泥处理厂的运输费用、投资费用、运行费用等,最终确定兴建两个规模均为800t/d的处理厂,其位置分别位于东莞市厚街镇和常平镇,为厂址选择和规模提供了科学依据和保障。 相似文献
103.
Keeping the blood flowing—plasminogen activator genes and feeding behavior in vampire bats 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tellgren-Roth A Dittmar K Massey SE Kemi C Tellgren-Roth C Savolainen P Lyons LA Liberles DA 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(1):39-47
The blood feeding vampire bats emerged from New World leaf-nosed bats that fed on fruit and insects. Plasminogen activator,
a serine protease that regulates blood coagulation, is known to be expressed in the saliva of Desmodus rotundus (common vampire bat) and is thought to be a key enzyme for the emergence of blood feeding in vampire bats. To better understand
the evolution of this biological function, we studied the plasminogen activator (PA) genes from all vampire bat species in
light of their feeding transition to bird and subsequently mammalian blood. We include the rare species Diphylla ecaudata and Diaemus youngi, where plasminogen activator had not previously been studied and demonstrate that PA gene duplication observed in Desmodus is not essential to the vampire phenotype, but relates to the emergence of predominant mammalian blood feeding in this species.
Plasminogen activator has evolved through gene duplication, domain loss, and sequence evolution leading to change in fibrin-specificity
and susceptibility to plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Before undertaking this study, only the four plasminogen activator
isoforms from Desmodus were known. The evolution of vampire bat plasminogen activators can now be linked phylogenetically to the transition in feeding
behavior among vampire bat species from bird to mammalian blood.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
104.
介绍了目前常规的排水体制,认为农村集镇应因地制宜地选择排水体制,重点区域在考虑到当地政府财政支付能力的前提下,应尽可能选择雨污分流兼初期雨水截流。 相似文献
105.
The ant genus Cardiocondyla is characterized by a bizarre male polymorphism with wingless fighter males and winged disperser males. Winged males have
been lost convergently in several clades, and in at least one of them, wingless males have evolved mutual tolerance. To better
understand the evolutionary pathways of reproductive tactics, we investigated Cardiocondyla venustula, a species, which in a phylogenetic analysis clusters with species with fighting and species with mutually tolerant, wingless
males. Wingless males of C. venustula use their strong mandibles to kill freshly eclosed rival males and also engage in short fights with other adult males, but
in addition show a novel behavior hitherto not reported from social insect males: they spread out in the natal nest and defend
“territories” against other males. Ant males therefore show a much larger variety of reproductive tactics than previously
assumed. 相似文献
106.
107.
Occupational exposure limits (OELs) developed by authorities play a key role in the implementation of programs to protect workers against hazardous chemicals. Unfortunately, many hazardous substances do not have OELs or the OEL could be outdated. To assure the health of the workers, it is therefore useful for companies to develop corporate OELs. An inhouse strategy will be presented hereafter. Expertise in toxicology, industrial hygiene, and occupational health should be available within the company and clear selection criteria for substances are needed. A corporate OEL is only developed for hazardous substances (e.g., carcinogenic or reprotoxic) with a high potential for worker exposure when an appropriate national OEL or threshold limit value is not available. The methodology to calculate corporate OELs is based on the existing methods for national or community OELs and also on the guidance from the European Union's (EU) regulation on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). For carcinogenic substances with a nonthreshold mode of action, there is always a residual chance that a cancer develops even when the exposure of workers is low. To establish an OEL for these substances, the “German traffic light model” is recommended. It is pragmatic, defines an unacceptable, tolerable, and acceptable risk level when workers are exposed to these substances, and determines risk management for exposure reduction. Overall, the professional practice to develop OELs is a good example of corporate leadership to proactively protect the health of workers. 相似文献
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109.
为了解决在不同区域和不同河流类型间等大尺度范围内F-IBI(鱼类生物完整性指数)评价方法体系的建立问题,以浑河-太子河(下称浑太河)流域为研究区域,构建符合区域性特征的生物完整性评价体系并进行应用研究. 于2014年5月对浑太河流域32个采样点的鱼类进行采样调查,根据鱼类群落特征的空间差异和浑太河流域水生态分区,将采样点分为中上游和下游区域两种类型. 通过综合栖息地和水质的标准化方法确定参照点和受损点,依据候选指标分布范围检验、敏感性分析和相关性检验,筛选出浑太河流域中上游F-IBI核心指标包括总物种数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、鲤形目鱼类物种数百分比、雅罗鱼亚科个体数百分比、鳅科鱼类物种数百分比、鲈形目鱼类物种数百分比、杂食性鱼类物种数百分比、肉食性鱼类物种数百分比、敏感性鱼类个体数百分比等9个指标;下游筛选出F-IBI核心指标包括总物种数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、鮈亚科鱼类物种数百分比、鲈形目鱼类物种数百分比、虾虎鱼科鱼类物种数百分比、中上层鱼类物种数百分比、东北特有鱼类物种数百分比、无脊椎动物食性鱼类物种数百分比、耐受性鱼类个体数百分比等9个指标. 分别提出了浑太河流域中上游和下游的参数标准化公式和健康评价标准,依此将浑太河流域健康状态划分为极好、好、一般、差和极差5个健康等级. 评价结果表明,浑太河流域健康状况整体偏差,在32个采样点中,健康状况处于差和极差的采样点占采样点总数的37.5%,一般的采样点占21.88%,仅有6.25%的采样点处于极好状态. Pearson相关性分析结果显示,F-IBI分值与电导率、ρ(BOD5)、ρ(CODCr)、ρ(NH3-N)和ρ(TN)均呈显著负相关,而与栖息地综合指数呈显著正相关,表明F-IBI可有效评估浑太河流域的健康状况. 相似文献
110.