微生物燃料电池在污水处理中的研究进展

微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cell,MFC)利用微生物催化剂将其代谢能直接转化为电能,具有原料广泛、反应条件温和、清洁高效等优点.简述了MFC的工作原理及分类,总结了用于污水处理的MFC的性能及其影响因素.探讨了MFC在实际应用中的瓶颈,并展望其在污水处理中的应用前景.     

Managing stormwater for urban sustainability: an evaluation of local comprehensive plans in the Chesapeake Bay watershed region

This study uses a developed plan coding protocol in evaluating the quality of 76 comprehensive plans to examine whether local comprehensive plans have adequately integrated the concepts of sustainable stormwater management. The Chesapeake Bay watershed was chosen for the investigation because degraded stormwater runoff from nearby urban and suburban jurisdictions have critically polluted the watershed. The findings indicate that the majority of local governments have not sufficiently incorporated the sustainable stormwater management principles into their comprehensive plans. Five plan components (factual basis, goals and objectives, inter-organizational cooperation, policies, tools and strategies, and implementation) appear weak in realizing the concepts. The current study concludes by providing policy implications and recommendations to increase awareness and understanding of sustainable stormwater management concepts and to produce better implementation plans that integrate stormwater, ecosystem, and environmental planning comprehensively.     

紫外光度法臭氧自动监测仪及其标准传递方法

随着我国经济的快速增长和城市化进程的不断加速,以臭氧为主的光化学污染问题已成为大气环境保护领域关注的重点、热点问题。对臭氧进行自动监测是环境管理和科学研究的需要,文中介绍了臭氧自动监测仪和臭氧量值溯源体系,重点探讨了臭氧监测干扰因素及标准传递方法,并通过实验比较验证了带光度计的臭氧校准仪具有较好的输出稳定性。     

海洋功能区划立法探讨

海洋环境的诸多特点使得依据各涉海部门的单行法律法规难以进行有效的海洋管理,从而导致海域开发秩序混乱、局部海域用海矛盾突出及人力、财力的浪费等现象。要从根本上解决以上问题,必须对涉海法律进行整合并制定专门的综合性的海洋功能区划法律。针对目前海洋功能区划的立法缺陷,本文从符合海洋生态系统的规律和特点的角度出发,分析了立法的必要性,提出海洋功能区划立法应以生态安全和非社会秩序为价值取向,以可持续发展为指导思想,以保持海洋生态健康原则、预警原则、以海定陆原则、资源定位原则、公众参与原则为立法原则。     

Reviews

David Turton War and Ethnicity — Global Connections and Local Violence
Hugh W. Stephens The Texas City Disaster, 1947
Christopher G. Newhall and Raymundo S. Punongbayan Fire and Mud: Eruptions and Lahars of Mount Pinafubo, Philippines
MThomas G. Weiss and Leon Gardenker NGOs, the UN and Global Governance
D. Apter The Legitimization of Violence
James K. Boyce Economic Policy for Building Peace: The Lessons of El Salvador
Christine Kinealy A Death-Dealing Famine: The Great Hunger in Ireland     

Backcasting — a framework for strategic planning

Backcasting is a planning methodology that is particularly helpful when problems at hand are complex and when present trends are part of the problems. When applied in planning towards sustainability, backcasting can increase the likelihood of handling the ecologically complex issues in a systematic and coordinated way, and also to foresee certain changes, even from a self-beneficial point of view, of the market and increase the chances of a relatively strong economic performance. To that end, backcasting should be performed from a set of non-overlapping principles that are general enough to be helpful in the coordination of different sectors of society and in business, as well as to cover relevant aspects of sustainability. Such principles are helpful when developing reliable non-overlapping indicators for monitoring of the development when coordinating various measures from different sectors of the society or within individual firms with each other, and when handling trade-offs in a relevant way. Furthermore, the transition can benefit from being undertaken in a strategic step-by-step manner, by which such investments search for those that combine two qualities: (i) technical flexibility to serve as platforms for future investments in line with non-overlapping principles of sustainability, and (ii) good possibilities of giving relatively fast return on investment. This framework for planning is developed together with the Natural Step, a non-government organization, and in collaboration with a network of scientists and business. Examples are given from firms applying the framework.     

重化工业区环境风险源监控系统设计研究

针对重化工业突发环境事故频繁发生的现状,为了满足环境风险管理的需求,设计了重化工业区环境风险源监控系统。对易引起重大环境污染事故的特征风险物质,从监控指标体系、监控布点方案、监控技术、监控数据采集传输、监控网络数据库构建、监控信息平台等6个方面进行研究,构建集气态源、液态源和移动源为一体连续在线的环境风险源实时监控系统,有效实施重化工业环境风险源的管理和事故预防。     

人工湿地水处理技术研究进展存在问题与改进

论述了人工湿地技术的除污机理和影响因素,并介绍了目前该技术所存在的问题,同时针对问题提出了相应的解决方法。     

环境责任原则探析

环境法是一个新兴的部门法,对其基本原则的认定在学界观点颇多,没有形成统一的认识。环境责任原则在我国经历了一个从发展到完善的过程,体现了环境公平与正义的价值取向,反映了环境法可持续发展的本质特征,应该作为环境法的基本原则。同时,应通过法律制度的建设贯彻该原则,以发挥其对环境资源开发、利用、保护和管理等活动的指导作用。     

地方环境立法应遵循可持续发展原则

本文在分析地方环境立法形势的基础上 ,提出地方环境立法应遵循可持续发展原则 ,并从公平性、持续性、协调性、资源价值、公众参与和生态安全、区域性和发挥地方环境资源优势等几个方面进行了阐述