谈我国污染源在线监控与预警系统建设的主要问题

本文阐述了我国重点污染源在线监控与预警系统建设的发展过程、管理现状和存在的主要问题。近年来,污染源在线自动监控与预警系统建设在我国发展的十分迅速,污染源自动在线监测仪器设备标准化、网络系统统一化、运营管理制度化等问题比较突出,提出了在加强和重视污染源在线自动监测信息网络系统建设的同时,应加强监控管理,理顺管理体制和运行机制等方面的建议。     

滑坡灾害预防的若干问题

本文简析了滑坡机理及其影响失稳的因素,总括了滑坡治理和监测评价方法。实践证明岩体声发射监测技术是滑坡监测预报的最可靠方法。本文总结作者的研究与实践,提出若干声发射监测技术的发展建议。     

浅谈废气监测的数据质量保证

从废气采样、相关参数测定、烟尘监测以及废气监测等方面,阐述了保证监测数据质量应注意的问题。结合实际,提出了提高废气监测数据质量的方法和建议。     

烟度自动监测仪

烟度自动监测仪是一种能昼夜连续自动监测锅炉排放烟气黑度的现代化仪器,它具有自动采样,显示,存贮,运算等功能,整机采用单片机控制,对实测和运算值进行数字显示,及时监测烟气排放是否超标,机内还设计了断电保护装置,即使连续断电半年,数据仍不丢失,断电恢复后,仪器能自动启动并连续运行,机内可存贮连续半年的监测有效数据。该机也同样适用于水泥、陶瓷、化工等行业的粉尘及烟尘监测,只需改变软件程序,仍可达到同样的     

广州市移动源现状及其污染控制管理对策

通过对广州市机动车辆构成状况和发展趋势、车流变化与氮氧化物变化关系以及各类车型污染排放分担率的分析,结果表明:在排放污染物的移动源中,小型车(出租车及其他小型车)和摩托车是一氧化碳、碳氢化合物的主要排放源;公共汽车等大型车是氮氧化物的主要排放源之一。并提出对广州市机动车污染控制应着重控制摩托车、小型车(特别是轿车,包括出租车)、公共汽车的污染排放。      

机动车绿灯倒计时对交叉口交通安全的影响研究

在总结国内外研究的基础上,通过问卷调查、现场观测等方法对机动车绿灯倒计时对我国驾驶员的心理及驾驶行为进行调查,解析机动车绿灯倒计时信号对驾驶员心理与驾驶行为的影响机理,研究结果显示机动车绿灯倒计时既不利于交叉口的交通安全,又降低了通行效率,因此得出应谨慎使用机动车绿灯倒计时的结论。同时建议采取道路交通安全法中对黄灯的含义进行修改,并在闯红灯抓拍系统中增设闯黄灯超速自动抓拍功能,以减少信号过渡期间超速抢灯现象的发生,保障交叉口的交通安全。     

桥梁建设的安全重心——架桥机安全运行探讨

对铁路、公路桥梁建设中使用的关键设备——架桥机事故及安全隐患进行统计、总结,结合架桥机的结构特点、现场环境、使用状况进行安全使用管理分析。阐明对结构复杂、作业环境差、操作繁琐的机电液一体化的大型设备——架桥机现场操作安全管理的核心是各操作步骤中对安全状况的检查确认;在架桥机安全使用条件、操作人员、安全检查、安全试验等方面提出要求,对架桥机吊梁、过孔、变跨、收尾、维护保养等作业过程的安全操作进行规范,指出对架桥机现场施工科学安全监督管理的内容,全面、系统地完善架桥机安全使用管理体系。     

Metal levels in computer monitor components discarded in the vicinities of electronic workshops

Levels of Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Cd in the glass screens (GS) and printed wiring boards (PWBs) of obsolete computer monitors (OCMs) were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) following standard digestion. Metal concentrations (mg kg^?1) in GS were in the following ranges (medians in brackets): Pb ND – 3100 (46), Cd 0.5–2.6 (0.8), Cr ND – 18.7 (3.1), and Zn 8.1–600 (37) and in PWBs (mg kg^?1): Pb 34,600 ± 17,000, Cd 11 ± 9, Cr 59 ± 45, Zn 15,900 ± 7800, Cu79,000 ± 22,600, and Ni 3200 ± 2500. In GS, the levels of the six metals were lower than their total threshold limit concentrations (TTLC), except for Pb with a TTLC of 1000 mg kg^?1 in 10% of the samples. In the PWBs, the TTLC of Pb and Cu (2500 mg kg^?1) was exceeded many fold. For Zn (5000 mg kg^?1) and Ni (2000 mg kg^?1); they were exceeded by 90% and 65%, respectively. For OCMs manufactured in 2001 and later, Pb and Zn levels in GS and Cr, Zn, and Ni in PWBs were significantly reduced.     

Tessaria absinthioides: a possible bio‐monitor for Cd,Pb, and Cu,in the middle and lower basin of the loa river,North Chile

Some ecotoxic metals such as Cd, Pb, and Cu in Tessaria absinthioides were quantified to study its possible use as a bio‐indicator and/or bio‐monitor of these metals. This plant was chosen for its abundance in the area under study, along Chile and even in southern Latin America. For Cd, Pb, and Cu in all three parts of the plant (leaves, stems and roots) a different concentration pattern in each sampling areas was observed. In sampling areas Coya Sur and La Cascada copper and cadmium concentration decrease in order: leaves > roots > stems. In samples collected in Xalquincha the lowest concentrations of Cd and Pb were observed in stems. A maximum of cadmium concentration (9ug/gd.w. in leaves) was found in samples from La Cascada, a inflow to river Loa in Calama. High concentrations of lead were found in roots and leaves. Collected data demonstrate that the main pathway for cadmium is from ground water via roots into the plant. Some data obtained for lead and copper indicate that the influence of dust particles adsorbed on leaves and stems can be higher than uptake from ground water.     

A~2/O工艺在低温低浓度条件下处理效果及节能减耗研究

研究在低水温条件下,进厂污水中有机物浓度较低时(污水平均BOD5为45 mg/L左右),漳扎污水处理厂生化系统较优的运行工况。研究结果表明,在上述情况下,较优的连续运行工况为:污泥回流比为75%左右,MLSS为3 200~3 500 mg/L,生化池处的溶解氧在0.7~1.3 mg/L之间;较优的间歇运行工况为:以曝气3 h停曝3 h的方式运行,生化池处的溶解氧在3~5 mg/L之间,污泥回流比为75%左右,MLSS为3 200~3 500 mg/L。上述两种运行工况对污水中的污染物质都有较高的去除率,能成功避免污泥解絮的发生,使系统中的微生物平稳过冬;其中间歇曝气方式能达到节能减耗的目的,建议在旅游淡季时采用该方式运行。