中国铝工业的产业共生模式分类及其特征

随着产业经济的高速增长以及循环经济的发展,我国铝工业的产业共生模式渐趋多样化. 在概述了我国铝工业发展情况的基础上,首先梳理出4种典型的铝工业产业共生模式,即单核心依托型、双核心共栖型、同质集群型和全谱系型.归纳总结了3个铝工业产业共生模式特征:①全谱系铝工业产业共生体系具有明显的圈层性,主体产业具有明显的轴向性;②主产业链共生依赖度逐级递减,共生圈层越到外圈层关系越松散;③第3圈层属于铝工业辅材供应厂或废物处理资源再生企业,具有明显的技术依赖性和市场依赖性,属于铝工业拓展的新方向. 最后探讨了技术进步、经济和环境管制等因素对于我国铝工业产业共生模式的影响.      

中国“传宗接代”观念对产妇产后抑郁症发生的影响

目的了解衡阳市产妇产后抑郁症发生的现状及其相关影响因素,探讨中国传统习俗在产妇产后抑郁症发生中的作用.方法在衡阳市随机抽取4个社区,再在每个社区随机抽取产后2~4周的妇女共492例,利用"EPDS量表"和自编的"产后抑郁症影响因素调查表"对其进行调查,EPDS≥13定义为抑郁症患者,分析产妇产后抑郁症发生的现状及其影响因素.结果 492例产妇中共有107例抑郁症,抑郁症发生率为21.75%.产妇的年龄、"坐月子"的地点、家庭经济收入、分娩方式与产后抑郁症的发生无关(P0.05),产妇的文化程度、婴儿的健康程度、性别、与期望性别的一致性、家人对婴儿的心理接受性、夫妻关系、婆媳关系等7个因素与产后抑郁症的发生有关(P0.05).结论衡阳市产妇产后抑郁症的发生率为21.75%,中国"重男轻女、传宗接代"的传统思想与产后抑郁症发生有关.     

A road-map for energy-neutral wastewater treatment plants of the future based on compact technologies (including MBBR)

In the paper concepts for wastewater treatment of the future are discussed by the use of a) one flow diagram based on established, compact, proven technologies (i.e. nitrification/denitrification for N-removal in the mainstream) and b) one flow diagram based on emerging, compact technologies (i.e. de-ammonification in the main stream).The latter (b) will give an energy-neutral wastewater treatment plant, while this cannot be guaranteed for the first one (a). The example flow diagrams show plant concepts that a) minimize energy consumption by using compact biological and physical/chemical processes combined in an optimal way, for instance by using moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) processes for biodegradation and high-rate particle separation processes, and de-ammonification processes for N-removal and b)maximize energy (biogas) production through digestion by using wastewater treatment processes that minimize biodegradation of the sludge (prior to digestion) and pretreatment of the sludge prior to digestion by thermal hydrolysis. The treatment plant of the future should produce a water quality (for instance bathing water quality) that is sufficient for reuse of some kind (toilet flushing, urban use, irrigation etc.). The paper outlines compact water reclamation processes based on ozonation in combination with coagulation as pretreatment before ceramic membrane filtration. In the paper concepts for domestic wastewater treatment plants of the future are discussed by the use of a) one flow diagram based on established, compact, proven technologies (i.e. nitrification/denitrification for N-removal in the mainstream) and b) one flow diagram based on emerging, compact technologies (i.e. de-ammonification in the main stream).The latter (b) will give an energy-neutral wastewater treatment plant, while this cannot be guaranteed for the first one (a). The example flow diagrams show plant concepts that a) minimize energy consumption by using compact biological and physical/chemical processes combined in an optimal way, for instance by using moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) processes for biodegradation and high-rate particle separation processes, and de-ammonification processes for N-removal and b)maximize energy (biogas) production through digestion by using wastewater treatment processes that minimize biodegradation of the sludge (prior to digestion) and pretreatment of the sludge prior to digestion by thermal hydrolysis. The treatment plant of the future should produce a water quality (for instance bathing water quality) that is sufficient for reuse of some kind (toilet flushing, urban use, irrigation etc.). The paper outlines compact water reclamation processes based on ozonation in combination with coagulation as pretreatment before ceramic membrane filtration.     

Treating design uncertainty in the application of Eco-indicator 99 with Monte Carlo simulation and fuzzy intervals

In incremental eco-design improvements, design engineers attempt to modify an existing product via some eco-design measures to reduce the product’s environmental impacts (e.g. reduction of material usage and energy consumption). In this process, several design concepts can be proposed, and concept selection is required to allocate resources sensibly to promising design concepts only. In this context, the research purpose is to estimate the environmental impacts of each concept given the uncertainty of design information. In the proposed methodology, the fuzzy interval arithmetic is used to specify and propagate imprecise design information. Then, the centroid concept is applied to model different views of imprecision (i.e. pessimistic, balanced and optimistic) associated with fuzzy impact assessment. Accordingly, a decision scheme is developed to support concept selection and suggest the potential areas for further eco-design improvements. A coffee maker is used as an example to demonstrate the proposed methodology. Also, the Monte Carlo Simulation is applied for the same example to compare the numerical outcomes by the fuzzy interval approach.     

基于生态学概念的河流监测计划

以河流生态学的核心概念为基础，开发河流生态系统指标，改善目前海河干流的河流监测计划。提出的指标强调了对河流生态系统功能特征和结构特征变化的反映，增加了旨在反映人类干扰活动原因一效果链条的指标和变量。最后，提出了一些改善当前海河干流监测的建议。     

Sizing and performance analysis of standalone hybrid photovoltaic/battery/hydrogen storage technology power generation systems based on the energy hub concept

In this study, the optimal sizing and performance analysis of a standalone integrated solar power system equipped with different storage scenarios to supply the power demand of a household is presented. One of the main purposes when applying solar energy resource is to face the increasing environmental pollutions resulting from fossil fuel based electricity sector. To this end, and to compare and examine two energy storage technologies (battery and hydrogen storage technology), three storage scenarios including battery only, hydrogen storage technology only and hybrid storage options are evaluated. An optimization framework based on Energy Hub concept is used to determine the optimum sizes of equipment for the lowest net present cost (NPC) while maintaining the system reliability. It was determined that the most cost effective and reliable case is the system with hybrid storage technology. Also, the effects of solar radiation intensity, the abatement potential of CO₂ emissions and converting excess power to hydrogen on the system’s performance and economics, were investigated and a few noticeable findings were obtained.     

苏州市沧浪区生态文明创建工作的思考

从生态文明视角来解读政府环保工作,并结合沧浪区生态的特点,分析其生态文明建设现状,以科学发展观为指导,总结沧浪区的生态文明建设经验,并对加强沧浪区生态文明的创建工作提出了"三着力"和"三提升"的对策建议。     

吉林省红色旅游共生发展模式研究

红色旅游是红色文化与旅游方式有机结合成的一种精神文化产品,通过对共生理论和红色旅游的研究回顾,从产业、区域、产品、管理、利益、文化等六个方面构建了红色旅游的共生发展模式,并提出了吉林省红色旅游共生发展的路径。     

新时期基层环境监察执法理念转变的探讨

通过对广元市环境监察执法工作从传统环境监察执法向新时期环境监察执法转变的思考,认识到新时期基层环境监察执法应从接受新思想、新事物、新监察手段、新执法范围和新执法模式上转变,使新的执法理念满足新时期经济发展要求。     

再生水利用的水权管理研究

通过再生水利用的现状剖析,对再生水利用的社会经济以及环境效益优势进行总结,从基础设施建设、再生水水质管理、政策法规、市场管理体制机制等角度系统剖析再生水利用存在的问题;在此基础上,针对再生水利用现状,基于水权理论,提出再生水利用的水权管理理念,对再生水水权的概念进行界定,从再生水分散式利用、再生水集中式利用以及再生水集蓄利用3种利用形式进行再生水水权分析,从基础设施建设、再生水水质管理、再生水利用的相关政策法规、市场管理体制机制、再生水利用产业化等角度阐述再生水和用的水权管理作用与意义,综合政府行政管制模式、用水户参与模式、水权市场交易模式等3种水权管理的基本模式,探讨再生水利用的水权管理模式.