无土栽培植物对农村生活污水的净化特性研究

选取水烛、石菖蒲和黄菖蒲三种挺水植物作为无土栽培系统的培养物,通过动态试验进行农村生活污水处理对比研究。结果表明:相对对照系统,三种植物对农村生活污水均具有较好的适应性,生长量石菖蒲>黄菖蒲>水烛;处理系统对COD、NH+4-N和TN的去除效果依次为石菖蒲>黄菖蒲>水烛>对照;对TP的去除率依次为水烛>黄菖蒲>石菖蒲>对照。同时,通过对处理系统去除氮磷途径的分析,发现植物吸收作用是主要去除方式,沉淀吸附也起着重要的作用。综合三种植物的净化能力,认为石菖蒲更适合无土栽培处理系统。     

自然水体中铁-锰氧化细菌的研究

通过在河流中悬吊自行设计的载玻片架,获取了具有由铁-锰氧化细菌产生的特异的铁锰氧化物结构的生物膜,设计了4种培养基,采用2种不同的细菌分离方法,对生物膜上的铁细菌进行分离,应用荧光X射线分析仪(XRF)分析了分离菌株产物的化学元素组成,并对分离菌株的铁锰氧化形态进行了观察.研究发现,铁细菌2号培养基为合适的分离培养基;采用平板涂布法分离出的2株氧化铁和锰的细菌,经系统发育地位的分析确定为纤发菌属;对运动纤发菌的产物分析确定无定形铁和锰为其主要金属元素;形态观察确定霍氏纤发菌呈树枝状鞘结构,而运动纤发菌呈蛛网状鞘结构.采用原位培养法分离出1株具有独特铁锰氧化物结构的细菌,经基因序列比对,确定为丛毛菌属.该实验获得的3株铁-锰氧化细菌的序列为设计针对于自然水体中的铁-锰氧化细菌FISH探针及PCR引物提供了关键数据.     

湖南烟区烤烟钾含量与土壤钾素的分布特点之间的关系

采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,分析了湖南烟区烤烟钾含量与土壤钾含量的分布特点及相互关系,结果表明:湖南烟区土壤全钾质量比偏低,平均为14.92 g·kg-1,有19.90%的土样全钾质量比低于10 g·kg-1;土壤速效钾质量比较低(140.28 mg·kg-1),10.80%土壤样品中速效钾质量比≤80 mg·kg-1,63.04%土壤样品中速效钾质量比在80～160 mg·kg-1之间.不同产地间相比较,全钾质量比由高到低顺序为:凤凰、张家界、龙山、宁乡、常德、怀化、浏阳、永州、桂阳;速效钾质量比的高低顺序与全钾质量比有所不同.湖南烟区烤烟钾质量分数适中,平均为2.28%,不同等级烟叶钾质量分数的变化规律是X2F＞C3F＞B2F.各等级烟叶的钾质量分数在不同产地间差异均达到0.05显著水平.在对土壤速效钾质量比分组后,烟叶钾质量分数随着土壤速效钾质量比的增加而增加,其中在速效钾质量比较低时,烟叶钾质量分数增加速度较快.在相关分析基础上,建立了土壤养分与烤烟钾质量分数的逐步回归方程,所筛选得到的4个土壤因子(水溶性氯、有机质、交换性钙和速效钾)对烤烟钾质量分数的影响均达到极显著水平.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

连续流态下以实际低基质生活污水培养好氧颗粒污泥及其脱氮性能

研究了连续流系统污泥颗粒化过程中COD、氨氮和TN的去除效果以及成熟好氧颗粒污泥的物理性质和脱氮动力学.结果表明40 d内连续流系统内能形成好氧颗粒污泥.随着颗粒化程度的提高,系统脱氮除碳性能有所增加;第41~60 d稳定运行期间,系统对COD、氨氮和TN的平均去除率分别到达到85.54%、95.5%和65.56%,且反应过程中硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮的积累不高.成熟颗粒污泥有较多的空隙结构,含有大量的胞外聚合物,相比于接种絮状污泥,其含水率、湿密度、沉降速度、机械强度、SVI值等都体现出了明显的优势.成熟好氧颗粒污泥同步硝化反硝化效率为81.69%,硝化速率(以NH+4-N计)和反硝化速率(以NO-x-N计)分别为5.78 mg·(L·h)-1和4.90 mg·(L·h)-1.     

Microalgae cultivation and culture medium recycling by a two-stage cultivation system

Nutrients and water play an important role in microalgae cultivation. Using wastewater as a culture medium is a promising alternative to recycle nutrients and water, and for further developing microalgae-based products. In the present study, two species of microalgae, Chlorella sp. (high ammonia nitrogen tolerance) and Spirulina platensis (S. platensis, high growth rate), were cultured by using poultry wastewater through a two-stage cultivation system for algal biomass production. Ultrafiltration (UF) or centrifuge was used to harvest Chlorella sp. from the first cultivation stage and to recycle culture medium for S. platensis growth in the second cultivation stage. Results showed the two-stage cultivation system produced high microalgae biomass including 0.39 g·L^–1Chlorella sp. and 3.45 g·L^–1S. platensis in the first-stage and second-stage, respectively. In addition, the removal efficiencies of NH₄⁺ reached 19% and almost 100% in the first and the second stage, respectively. Total phosphorus (TP) removal reached 17% and 83%, and total organic carbon (TOC) removal reached 55% and 72% in the first and the second stage, respectively. UF and centrifuge can recycle 96.8% and 100% water, respectively. This study provides a new method for the combined of pure microalgae cultivation and wastewater treatment with culture medium recycling.

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Stakeholder participation in sustainability assessment of non-wicked problems: The case of a future seaweed industry in Sweden

Acceptance by, and cooperation with relevant stakeholders in developing new sustainability initiatives when they are generally perceived as positive, is one of the keys for successful implementation of such new sustainability initiatives later on. It is remarkable, however, that ample literature exists about involving stakeholders in research projects focusing on problems with diverging views (controversy) around facts and values (wicked problems), but there is very little literature addressing whether and how to involve relevant stakeholders in case of initiatives where diverging norms and values do not play a (substantial) role, like in sustainability assessment for a future seaweed industry. This perspectives paper addresses that gap, and explores how to design such sustainability assessment, illustrated by how stakeholder interaction influenced the assessment and its results for a future seaweed industry in Sweden, followed by a discussion whether and how a similar approach may benefit sustainability assessment of other non-wicked sustainability initiatives.     

垃圾渗滤混合液启动ANAMMOX反应器研究

试验研究了采用垃圾渗滤混合液启动厌氧氨氧化反应器的可行性.试验结果表明,采用高负荷培养法可在161天内成功启动厌氧氨氧化生物反应器.随着厌氧氨氧化生物反应器的启动进程的推进,硝态氮和氨氮去除量的比值逐渐缩小,且趋于稳定.在厌氧氨氧化活性稳定阶段,硝态氮和氨氮去除量的平均比值为1.19,进出水碱度和pH值趋向一致.厌氧氨氧化生物反应器启动过程中,硝态氮和氨氮去除量的比值和反应器内碱度、pH值的变化可指示厌氧氨氧化生物反应器的启动状况.     

特色育人和谐发展——试析中国环境管理干部学院办学理念

中国环境管理干部学院在各项工作中实践着特色育人的思想.学院坚持“以服务社会需求为导向,以提高教育教学质量为核心,以培养高素质、高技能人才为根本,培养大学精神,积淀大学文化,铸就大学灵魂,彰显环境教育特色,创建绿色和谐校园“的办学理念,发挥了环境教育特色所带来的优势,注重遵循教育发展的规律,取得了可喜的办学成绩.