十一镍锆钼杂多酸盐的合成、表征及超声强化降解染料废水

采用水溶液合成法制备了具有Keggin型结构的十一镍锆钼杂多酸盐Na6[Ni（Mo11ZrO39）].20H2O（NiZrMo）,并对其进行表征及分析.元素分析表明,镍锆钼之间的物质的量之比满足1∶1∶11的关系;热重/差热分析说明合成的杂多酸盐具有比较好的热稳定性并带有20个结晶水;红外光谱、X射线衍射及紫外光谱表征充分表明合成的杂多酸盐其阴离子仍保持Keggin型结构;扫描电镜分析表明,具有比较好的大分子化合物的基本特征和比较规则的晶体结构.以NiZrMo杂多酸盐为催化剂降解酸性绿B（AGB）染料废水,降解率最高可达95.72%.     

面向未来污水处理技术应用研究现状及工程实践

目前全球面临巨大能源、水污染及资源危机,传统污水处理技术已无法满足可持续发展需求,实现能源自给、污水再生及资源回收的新型污水处理技术是未来水厂重要实施路径.污水处理厂实现能源自给的关键一是"开源",即高效回收污水中有机物化学能、低品位热能,并利用外源有机物厌氧共消化、太阳能、风能等技术开发能源;二是"节流",即利用高效设备、精细化运行系统及厌氧氨氧化技术等举措节能降耗.基于可饮用用途,MBR+RO法是实现污水再生的主要途径,但膜污染严重、电耗高的问题仍有待解决.通过污泥水解技术获得富含VFA的优质碳源或合成PHAs的主要原料是有机物资源化的重要方向;利用污泥焚烧磷回收,可获得90%以上的磷回收率,并可解决污泥处置的困境.系统总结了国内外面向未来污水处理新技术应用研究现状,介绍了典型国家对未来污水处理技术的实践,提出我国面向未来污水处理厂面临的阻碍及可能的出路,为我国未来污水处理厂的发展提供方向.     

铈改性水葫芦生物炭对磷酸盐的吸附特性

本研究通过共浸渍-热解法开发了一种铈改性水葫芦生物炭吸附剂（Ce-BC）,用以去除实际废水中的磷酸盐,考察了Ce-BC投加量、废水pH值、反应时间及共存的竞争性离子对吸附过程的影响.结果表明,当Ce-BC投加量为0.4 g·L^-1,初始磷酸盐溶液pH值介于3~10时,Ce-BC对磷酸盐的吸附性能最佳,最大吸附量达到35.00 mg·g^-1.Ce-BC对磷酸盐的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,并能在1 h内达到98%的磷酸盐去除率,吸附速率快.此外,Ce-BC具有较高的抗阴离子干扰能力,且具有良好的再生性能,Ce-BC经过4次再生后仍能保持90%以上的初始吸附效率.场发射扫描电镜-能量色散光谱（FESEM-EDS）、傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射光谱（XRD）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等表征结果表明,Ce-BC对磷酸盐的吸附机制主要包括配体交换和内球络合.本研究制备的Ce-BC吸附剂,可以有效去除及回收实际生活污水中的磷酸盐,在避免水体富营养化的同时实现磷资源的回收利用.     

猪粪中典型类固醇雌激素的固相萃取/GC-MS检测

以猪粪中常见且具有较大潜在危害的E1(雌酮),17α-E2(17α-雌二醇),17β-E2(17β-雌二醇)和E3(雌三醇)为研究对象,建立了猪粪中这4种典型类固醇雌激素的GC-MS(气相色谱-质谱)分析检测方法.着重优化了样品的前处理方法,包括对超声提取剂、超声提取时间、固相萃取淋洗剂、衍生化温度和时间的优化选择.结果表明:在优化的试验条件下,猪粪中的典型雌激素E1,17α-E2,17β-E2和E3检出限分别为8.0,2.5,5.1和3.3 μg/kg,平均加标回收率在92.3%～137.4%之间.      

非离子表面活性剂淋洗萘污染土壤的修复研究

采用土柱实验研究了非离子表面活性剂对焦化厂萘污染砂土的淋洗效果,同时研究了超声预处理对非离子表面活性剂土壤淋洗的增强效果及粉土和粘土对非离子表面活性剂土壤淋洗的不利影响.研究表明,1)1g·L-1的TritonX-100、AEO-9和Tween80对同一萘浓度(192.4mg·kg-1)的土壤洗脱效率分别为73.0%、81.5%和59.0%,2g·L-1的表面活性剂的洗脱效率要高于1g·L-1的洗脱率,分别为96.5%、95.1%和88.2%.2)对土壤进行短时超声处理(80Hz)促进了洗脱率的提高,超声10min的淋洗效果要高于超声5min的淋洗效果;土壤分别经5min和10min超声处理后,2g·L-1浓度的TritonX-100对萘的洗脱率从94%分别提高到98.8%和99.6%,洗脱时间从255min分别减少到172min和160min.3)砂土中含有粉土和粘土对洗脱效果有不利影响,且粘土的影响要更严重,当萘污染的砂土混入5%的粘土时,2g·L-1浓度的TritonX-100对萘的洗脱率从94.7%下降至73.8%,洗脱时间从255min增加至605min,而混入20%的粉土洗脱率仅下降到88.4%,洗脱时间增加至512min.     

Commerce and cruises: a comparative study of Jamaican waterfront transformations

Caribbean urban waterfronts have been extensively modified in recent decades to encourage business (especially through the development of new commercial districts) and tourism (particularly in the form of cruise shipping). This paper draws on three case studies from Jamaica to explore the processes through which waterfronts have been redeveloped and the ways in which these spaces are used. The transformation and ongoing management of these waterfronts involve the negotiation of a complex set of power relationships between stakeholders operating at a variety of scales, including national governments, the private sector, Jamaican citizens and tourists. The position of waterfronts at the junction of the “urban” and the “natural” environments provides a fruitful nexus for examining the intricacies of society–nature relationships, and illustrates the ways in which ideas of modernity, development, identity and exclusion are incorporated into the local environment.     

催化剂及其制备对催化湿式氧化反应的影响

催化湿式氧化法是一种有效的处理有毒、有害、高浓度有机废水的水处理技术,文章专门针对催化剂本身的制备对催化湿式氧化的影响,以及催化剂的失活、再生、重复利用等研究做出总结,以期对有关研究者提供一定的参考。     

检测重金属离子的酶膜生物传感器的构建

基于重金属对脲酶的特异性抑制作用,研制了可测定重金属离子的电位型酶膜生物传感器。论文考察了脲酶浓度、戊二醛浓度、温度和固定化时间等因素对电位响应的影响,获得了最佳的酶固定化条件,即酶浓度为0.8mg/mL,戊二醛为2.5%,温度为28℃,固定化时间为2h时酶固定化效果最好。同时还初步研究了该生物传感器的响应性能和再生能力。     

关于资源再生经济的企业思考（一）——回眸历史 咀嚼个中酸甜苦辣

从市场机制的导入,产业经营的传承,行业模式的变迁,经营方式的选择,资源的集中与对接等方面,回顾了再生资源行业过去30年的发展变化。     

Thermal defluorination behaviors of PFOS,PFOA and PFBS during regeneration of activated carbon by molten salt

• New method of mineralizing PFCs was proposed. • Activated carbon was regenerated while mineralizing PFCs. • Molten NaOH has good mineralization effect on PFOS and PFBS. Current study proposes a green regeneration method of activated carbon (AC) laden with Perfluorochemicals (PFCs) from the perspective of environmental safety and resource regeneration. The defluorination efficiencies of AC adsorbed perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) using three molten sodium salts and one molten alkali were compared. Results showed that defluorination efficiencies of molten NaOH for the three PFCs were higher than the other three molten sodium salts at lower temperature. At 700°C, the defluorination efficiencies of PFOS and PFBS using molten NaOH reached to 84.2% and 79.2%, respectively, while the defluorination efficiency of PFOA was 35.3%. In addition, the temperature of molten salt, the holding time and the ratio of salt to carbon were directly proportional to the defluorination efficiency. The low defluorination efficiency of PFOA was due to the low thermal stability of PFOA, which made it difficult to be captured by molten salt.The weight loss range of PFOA was 75°C–125°C, which was much lower than PFOS and PFBS (400°C–500°C). From the perspective of gas production, fluorine-containing gases produced from molten NaOH-treated AC were significantly reduced, which means that environmental risks were significantly reduced. After molten NaOH treatment, the regenerated AC had higher adsorption capacity than that of pre-treated AC.